الفهرس 
Evaluation of mutagenic effect and oxidative stress of fipronil and betacyfluthrin on albino rat
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Abstract
Fipronil (FPN), broad-spectrum N-phenylpyrazol, and Beta-cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid type II compound, are commonly used as insecticides to control pests in agriculture and household. Little is known about their long-term exposure and their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to animals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic effect and oxidative stress sub-chronic exposure of these insecticides. Thirty adult male albino rats weighing 120g±10% g, were housed into six groups of five males each. The first group served as the control, the second and third groups provided oral sub-chronic doses of 4.8 (high) or 2.88 (low) mg/kg b.w./ day of Beta-cyfluthrin, respectively, the fourth and fifth groups with doses 3.9 (high) or 2.3 (low) mg/ kg b.w./ day of FPN for 90 days, the last group was kept as a positive control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activity as well as Malondialdehyde level (MDA) content were estimated as oxidative stress biomarkers. Cytotoxicity was measured by a micronucleus assay, while the mutagenic effect at molecular gene level was the p53 tumor suppressor gene analysis using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The results showed that SOD decrease in both high and low doses of both insecticides. The CAT was showed decrease in all doses and slightly elevated with only with low dose of Beta-cyfluthrin.The MDA showed decrease in the high dose groups of both tested insecticides while showed slightly decrease in the low dose groups of both tested insecticides compared to the control group. The high dose either in Beta cyfluthrin and FPN induced cytotoxicity which indicated by the increase in the number of micronuclei in the normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in the bone marrow. The acrylamide gel genotoxicity test did not show mutations in the P53 gene. The study demonstrated the relative safety of Beta- cyfluthrin and FPN to be used for public health purposes