الفهرس 
Title : A pharmaceutical study on targeted drug delivery systems for a drug with low permeability.
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Globally, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging public health problems.The diagnostic challenge posed by pancreatic cancer for its early detection adds to the discouraging 5-year survival rates for the patients, as these tumors are present in the retroperitoneal position presenting with nonspecific complaints and, thus, come to attention at late stage in 80% of the patients. For the early stage resectable disease, surgery and chemotherapy are essential components for treatment. Surgery has curative potential but is reserved for patients presenting with resectable tumors without any metastasis. Chemotherapy is concurrently used along with surgery in patients with resectable tumors. The sequence of the administration of the two modes of treatment is a puzzle to be solved yet, chemotherapy or surgery first. The standard care for pancreatic cancer since the late 1990s has been gemcitabine. 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) monotherapy and albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel coupled with gemcitabine are the first-line therapies used currently. Despite these chemotherapeutic options, the overall survival continues to be relatively low, thereby warranting search for more efficacious therapies. Metformin is an approved antidiabetic drug currently being explored for repurposing in cancer treatment based on recent evidence of its apparent chemopreventive properties. When there is plenty of glucose, metformin slows down the rate at which cancer cells divide, which slows down tumor growth. When the cells are deprived of glucose, metformin kills the cells instead. Metformin also inhibits the pathways that regulate hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are part of a system that helps cells to survive low-oxygen conditions, a prominent feature of many tumors