الفهرس 
1. Surfactants
3. SynthesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this work:
1. A series of cationic surfactants [QC10, QC12, and QC14] were synthesized by
the reaction of fatty halid (namely 1-bromododecane, 1-bromododecane, and 1-
bromotetradecane) as quaternizing agents and nicotinic acid as tertiary amine
species.
2. Tetrahalometallate cationic surfactants (namely QC10MT, QC12MT, and
QC14MT) were prepared by grinding the parent cationic surfactant, metal
chloride (CuCl2, SnCl2, FeCl3 and CoCl2) and hydrazine sulphate in morter.
3. Nonionic polyurethane surfactants was prepared by the reaction of toluene
diisocyanate (TDI) and polyethylene glycols then the product react with oleic acid
to produce the nonionic polyurethane surfactants.
4. An improving was done by grinding 20%wt/wt of the prepared nonionic
polyurethane surfactants and the tetrahalometallate.
5. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed as expected
using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and UV spectra. The
molecular weight measurements of the prepared polymers showed that the
segments of each polymer contain average 10 units of the urethane (M.wt is
200.000 g/mole).
6. The surface properties of the synthesized compounds including: effectiveness
(πcmc), efficiency (Pc20), maximum surface excess (Γ max) and minimum surface
area (Amin) showed their high activity at the interfaces which can be considered
these compounds as good surfactants and corrosion inhibitors.
Also, the thermodynamic data of adsorption process (ΔGads) and the micellization
process (ΔGmic) showed the tendency of these compounds for adsorption at
different interfaces and also toward micellization in the bulk of their solutions.The thermodynamic data also showed the higher tendency of the compounds
towards adsorption than micellization.
7. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were played an
important role on their surface activity. Increasing the hydrophobic chain length
(nonpolar chains) increases the surface activity and the tendency towards
adsorption at the interfaces. The tendency of these compounds towards adsorption
at the interfaces facilitated their application as corrosion inhibitors for carbon
steel in acidic medium.
8. The synthesized compounds were screened for their efficiency as corrosion
inhibitors at different doses (600, 800, 1000 and 1200 ppm) for carbon steel in
acidic medium (1M H2SO4) using the gravimetrical method (weight loss
technique) at 25oC.
The corrosion inhibition measurements including the weight loss and open circuit
potential and polarization measurements showed that the increases in the inhibitor
doses increase the inhibition efficiency for all of the used compounds. Also, the
corrosion rate was decreased as the inhibitor dose increased. The study was dealt
with different factors which influence the corrosion inhibition and the corrosion
rate of the carbon steel in the acidic medium (1M H2SO4).
9. It was found that the tetrahalometallate cationic surfactant have increased
corrosion inhibition and the addition of 20% wt/wt of the prepared nonionic
polyurethane surfactants increase the corrosion inhibition.
10. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as biocides for different bacterial
strains, yeast and fungi. Also, these compounds were tested for their potent action
as biocides against sulfur reducing bacteria as fatal microorganisms in the
petroleum field.
11. The surface activity measurements showed the good surface activity of the
synthesized compounds. The surface activity was completely dependent on the
chemical structure of these compounds and the main factor which influences thisactivity was the hydrophobic chain length of these molecules and addition of 20%
wt/wt of nonionic polyurethane surfactants enhance this activity.
12. The antimicrobial activity tests gave good inhibition efficiency for most of
the synthesized cationic surfactants and their tetrahalometallate compounds
against the targeted microorganisms at relatively low concentrations relative to
the traditional antimicrobial compounds. Also, the main factor which affects the
inhibition efficiency was the chain length of these compounds.
13. Evaluation of the synthesized compounds against sulfur reducing bacteria
showed acceptable inhibition results. That presents to the field of petroleum
industry new category of biocides which can be applied against SRB to decrease
(or prevent) their destructive responsibility in this industry. Also addition of 20%
wt/wt of nonionic polyurethane surfactants enhances this activity.