الفهرس 
Clinical presentationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Liver cirrhosis, a progressive condition, is characterised by hepatic dysfunction and structural abnormalities. It is the 14th leading cause of mortality worldwide. At first, it is asymptomatic (compensated) and associated with a preserved quality of life; but, as the disease develops with decompensation, it becomes burdensome and associated with complications. (D’Amico, et al.,2022) Clinically significant portal hypertension, which leads to portosystemic collaterals especially gastro-esophageal varices with the risk of bleeding, is one of the most common overt complications of liver cirrhosis. Also, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome and hypersplenism are complications of liver cirrhosis.(Zanetto, et al.,2021) While ascites is a clear symptom of portal hypertension, others , such as esophageal varices, may go unrecognized until bleeding occurs. Cirrhosis patients develop esophageal varices in around half of cases. Haemorrhage from untreated esophageal varices is 20%– 76% incidence rate .(Glisic, et al.,2022) It is critical to identify individuals with cirrhosis who are at risk of bleeding from esophageal varices in order to prevent overt bleeding, improve survival, and save health care costs. Despite significant declines over the last few decades, the mortality rate remains between 12 to 22%.Furthermore, rebleeding is common, after a year, up to 60% of patients will rebleed if no treatment is given .(KASL.,2020).