الفهرس 
The anticancer effect of safranal on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line
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Abstract
Aim: Numerous scientific studies have examined the relationship between safranal and its effect on various diseases including cancer. Yet, more studies are needed to evaluate the effect of safranal consumption on epithelial- mesenchymal transition and inhibition of migration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of safranal on the biological activities of laryngeal squamous cell SCC cell line, namely the epithelialmesenchymal transition, migration as well as viability of squamous cell carcinoma cells, therefore providing a more effective and less toxic possible treatment for this malignancy. Methodology: Safranal was applied on laryngeal SCC cell line for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Cell viability was quantified using MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by antiapoptotic BCL-2 immunohistochemical marker. Migration was evaluated using wound healing assay. Finally, epithelial-mesenchymal transition was observed and evaluated using N-cadherin immunohistochemical marker. Results: It was found that the ultimate effects of safranal on laryngeal SCC cells were found at 72 hours, including reduction of cellular viability % in MTT assay and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibition of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 expression. Additionally, the expression of Ncadherin marker was reduced, which indicated inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. However, cell migration was not inhibited in wound healing assay at the mentioned time. Conclusion: In conclusion, the daily consumption of safranal as a part of saffron and its application in cancer adjuvant treatment may contribute to the prevention and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma respectively