الفهرس 
Title : Experimental study for the evaluation of removal of some stains on parchment manuscript by laser cleaning technique with application on a selected object
SummaryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Parchment artifacts are handcrafts of animal product whereas composed of collagen. The collagen molecule, like all proteins, is made by the linking together of present smaller units, amino acids. Different collagen types are present in skin, the foremost abundant ones being types and III, which belong to the subfamily of fibril-forming collagens.Stains are considered one of the most dangerous indicators for the deterioration state of parchment.There are many types of stains Which commonly affects parchment manuscripts such as: wetness stains, dust and soot, blood, iron rust, microorganisms, adhesives residues stains. Laser cleaning techniques came in about quite thirty years ago, giving immediately very promising results not just for diagnostic but also for cleaning procedures.The potential application for the precise method of cleaning was immediately understood but the expansion of successful laser techniques in conservation took necessarily a lot of years. Nano-science is consider a very unique resource to conservation because, unlike conventional materials like polymers that are commonly utilized in conservation, engineered nano-materials don’t alter the first physical and chemical properties of parchment artifacts and have low environmental impact.we expressed here the role nano-materials in revolutionizing the technical approaches to organic material conservation using silver and gold nanoparticles in Core-Shell form to enhance the efficiency of laser cleaning technique specially in removing the common stains from parchment manuscript