الفهرس 
Title: The effect of seasonal variations on the incidence of renal flares in Egyptian patients with Lupus nephritis: An observational study
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In thisretrospective cohort study, we included200 LN patients attendingthe outpatient clinics at Kasr Al-AiniHospitals. Data about flare periods for each patient was collected by month. Patientswere assessed for specific organinvolvement targeted by SLE disease other than kidneys, therapeutics for SLE,LN duration and treatment phase and revised investigationsof ESR, anti-dsDNA antibodies, serum urea and creatinine, urine analysis and 24-h urinary proteins at the time of LN flare. Renal biopsies were revised for histopathologic classification.Results In renal biopsies, 44% of patients with renal flares had class IV LN,42% had class III, 9.5% had class V, while 4.5% had class II LN.90% of patients were on treatment regimen including HCQ, prednisone and AZA. While 10% had MMF replacing AZA. The highest incidence of flares occurred in June (14%) and July (12.5) (p=0.003)ز Conclusion We determined that there is seasonal variation in the flare of LN. Patients with LN may be expected to have renal flares near summer months. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine the efficacy of earlier screeningto detect or prevent flares