الفهرس 
Placental volume and placental vascular indices in first trimesteric pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their correlation with fetal congenital anomalies /
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Abstract
Although type I diabetes mellitus affects less than 1% of pregnancies and important improvements in its clinical management have been achieved, it is still a significant cause of fetal mortality and morbidity. (IF Casson et al, 1997) & (P.Damm and L.B Nielsen, 2010) The placenta is an essential link between the mother and the developing fetus, and histological studies have evidenced characteristic changes in placental vascular structures in placenta of type I diabetic mother (DM). (SM Nelson and PM Coan et al, 2009) & (A Maly et al, 2005) These modifications are mainly represented by first trimester {u2018}de novo{u2019} synthesis of placental blood vessels resulting in an increase of capillary length and branching and subsequent larger surface vascular area. (SM Nelson and PM Coan et al, 2009) & (A Maly et al,2005) Despite the potential clinical impact of these placental vascular changes, methodological difficulties have up to now limited the possibility of studying in vivo placental vascularization of DM. A recent advance in ultrasound by combining three dimensional (3D) ultrasound with power Doppler make it possible to quantify Doppler signals in volumes obtained by 3D scanning and thus allows to assess the whole placental circulation. Several studies have shown that with this technique, it is possible to evidence impaired placental vascularization in different clinical conditions. (LT Merce et al,2004) & (G Rizzo and A Capponi et al,2007)