الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Smoking is one of the most significant health problems because it can affect almost every organ in our bodies. Cigarette smoking is a serious factor in development of systemic and ocular vascular disorder. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the relationship between ocular vascular diseases and smoking are not yet known, the peripheral vasoconstriction effect of nicotine is proposed to be the cause of the increase in the peripheral resistance to blood flow. This prospective study was done to evaluate the effect of smoking on choroidal, macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a technique for high resolution noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of various ocular structures. Recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be effective in evaluating the choroidal thickness by using special software programs like enhanced depth imaging which give the chance to gain high resolution images, making evaluation of deeper ocular tissues beyond the retina becoming possible. This study was carried out at the department of Ophthalmology, Tanta university hospital from August 2019 to January 2021. It included 25 individuals were healthy cigarette-smoking individuals who had no systemic or ocular disease and another 25 Age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who had never smoked cigarettes.