الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infection rates are frequently greater in intensive care units than in less acute in-patient or ambulatory settings. In the critical care unit, central venous access may be required for long periods of time, patients may be colonized with hospital-acquired germs, and the catheter may be handled numerous times per day for fluid, medication, and blood product delivery. Furthermore, some catheters may be used in emergency situations where aseptic technique is not possible (O’Grady, 2019).
Infection of central venous catheters remains a big issue. To reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in intensive care units, early detection and therapy are essential. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of standardized nursing guidelines on reducing central line-related infection among traumatic patients.
The study accomplished at traumatic intensive care unit of Qena University Hospital, Qena Governorate, Egypt.
A total of 60 male and female newly admitted adult traumatic patients with newly inserted CVC (30 for each study and control) were recruited for the study.
To complete this study, two tools were employed: the first was a general patient evaluation sheet that was created by the researcher to collect the essential data from the patients included (personal data, medical data, and CVP related data), and it was used once and only once for each patient in both groups. The 2nd tool was central line-related infection assessment sheet used to determine the general and localized manifestation of infection among traumatic patients.
The data was collected over the course of twelve (12) months, from the beginning of January to the end of December 2019. The individuals were included in the actual sample after a pilot study was completed on 10% of the entire sample. There were no revisions or alterations needed, hence the subjects were included in the actual sample.
The researcher started data collection by collecting the control group firstly which receive routine nursing care that took about 5 months, started at January and end at May. After completion of control group, data were collected from the study group which receives standardized nursing guidelines adopted from (Marschall et al.2019) that took about 7 months started at June and end at December. Both groups of the study (control and study) were assessed firstly using first tool (first part and second part) once only on the patients admission.
The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
As regarding the age, the current research revealed that more than half of both groups were men, where in the middle of their age and more than half of both group were married. Concerning the medical diagnosis, the present study showed that about one third of both groups had head trauma.
As regards the insertion site of the catheter, it was revealed that nearly half of both study & control group had subclavian veins inserted catheter respectively. Likewise, the vast majority of the study group did not change the cathere while control did. The number of manipulation was lower in the study group than the control groups.
Regarding the presence of signs and symptoms of central line-related infection it was found that there is a highly statistical significant difference between the study and control groups at the sixth day reflected by p-value =0.000.
Concerning the total infection score it was showed that there is a highly statistically significance difference between study and control revealed by p-value = 0.000 at the sixth day.
According to the laboratory infection indicators found it was that there is a highly statistically significance difference between study and control group concerning the skin swab and WBCs presented by p-value = 0.000.
Regarding the microorganisms that were responsible for infection our findings illustrated that less than one quarter& more than half of study and control group was gram negative respectively. Whereas less than one quarter of both study and control group was gram positive
Also, the results of the present study revealed that there was a positive correlation between number of catheter manipulation and total infection score among the study and control group at the sixth day.