الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Despite the frequency with which is performed, laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains associated with significant morbidity and costs albeit increased efforts to improve its safety. Our data utilizing both inpatient and outpatient information corroborate findings from previously reported inpatient and local studies. One of the hallmarks of surgical residency training is graduated responsibility and personal supervision by attending surgeons during operations. After LC was introduced in the United States, most surgeons quickly learned the operation without the benefit of proctoring, and this may have led to the intraoperative errors that resulted in bile duct injuries.