الفهرس 
stratigraphy of the onshore Nile Delta, Egypt :A biostratigraphical perspective
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Abstract
The Middle Miocene- Early Pliocene sequences in the southeastern Mediterranean of the Nile Delta were investigated biostratigraphically using both planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil. Five wells were chosen from El-Wastani gas field, Onshore Nile Delta, namely, EWW 1-St2, EW-5, EW-8, EW-12, and EWE-2, respectively from NW to SE direction.The studied wells cover four rock units from older to younger: Sidi Salem, Qawasim, Abu Madi, and Kafr El Sheikh. The Mediterranean zonation schemes for both planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil were applied in this study. A total of six planktonic foraminiferal zones/subzones and six calcareous nannofossil zones were identified. The planktonic foraminiferal zones/subzones are from older to younger: MMi7b, MMi11, NDZ, MPl1, MPl2, and MPl3, while the calcareous nannofossil zones are: NN6, NN10, NN11, NN12, NN13, and NN14+NN15.The paleoenvironmental deduction of the Middle Miocene- Early Pliocene sequence based on the multivariate analysis and paleoecological parameters of both foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils show that the Serravallian- Tortonian Sidi Salem Formation was deposited in middle to the outer neritic environment. The Messinian Qawasim and Abu Madi formations were deposited in a fluvio-marine to lagoonal/restricted environment. The early Pliocene Zanclean of the Kafr El-Sheikh Formation was deposited under the middle to outer neritic up to upper bathyal environments.Seven stratigraphic sequences have been identified based on the foraminiferal and calcareous nannoplankton diversity, abundance and zonal patterns as correlated with the global cycle chart of Snedden and Liu (2010). Moreover, the depositional sequences and sequence boundaries are recognized by the integration between the seismic data, biostratigraphic zones, and wire line logs (gamma-ray). These depositional sequences are from older to younger; Serseq, Torseq1, Torseq2, Meseq1, Meseq2, Zaseq1, and Zaseq2