الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in Nursery and Laboratory of Floriculture, Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ. to investigate the response of parsley (Petroselinum sativum, Hoffm) plants to four mineral N and biofertilization treatments [control (100% of the recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer), mineral N fertilizer at 25, 50 and 75% of the recommended dose with minia azotien biofertilizer (factor A) and seven foliar spray treatments of seaweeds extract and/or thiamine (vit. B1) [control (tap water treated plants), seaweed extract at 100 and 200 ppm, (vit. B1) at 100 and 200 ppm and seaweed extract + (vit. B1) both at 100 and 200 ppm , respectively (factor B), as well as, the interaction between the two factors (AxB) and their effect, on the vegetative growth, yield components, volatile oil production and some chemical constituents (photosynthetic pigments and nitrogen percentage).
All plants were fertilized with 100% of recommended does of mineral PK fertilizers as a constant does, in addition to organic nanure at the rate of 20m3 /fed.
The most important results could be summarized as follows:
1) Effect of mineral N and bio fertilization:
1-A) vegetative growth traits:
All studied vegetative growth characters namely, plant height, stem diameter, number of main branches/plant and herb fresh and dry weights/plant and/ fed. of parsley plants were stimulated with using both mineral N fertilizer and Minia azotein. This stimulation was associated with increasing N levels. All levels of mineral N with Minia azotein, except mineral N at 25% + Minia azotein gave better results than the control (100% of the recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer). The maximum values of the aforementioned traits were obtained from fertilizing the plants with mineral N at 75% + Minia azotein followed by mineral N + 50% + Minia azotein.
1-B) Yield and yield components:
Application of mineral N fertilizer at the three examined levels with Minia azotein, except mineral N at 25% + Minia azotein improved the yield components of parsley plants i.e. number of umbels/plant and fruit yield plant and /fed. in comparison with control treatment. The best results regarding these parameters were obtained due to supplying the plants with the high and medium levels (75 and 50%) of mineral N fertilizer, respectively with Minia azotein.
1-C) Essential oil determinations:
All fertilization treatments (except mineral N 25% + at Minia azotein) in most cases, led to a significant increment in essential oil percentage and its yield/plant and /fed. for both the herb and fruits of parsley plants compared with control treatment (the recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer, 100%). The highest essential oil % and essential oil yield were obtained from plants fertilized with mineral N at 75% + Minia azotein followed by mineral N at 50% + Minia azotein.
1-D) Some chemical constituents:
The chemical constituents of parsley plants, represented by the three photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) contents in the fresh leaves, as well as, nitrogen percent in the dry leaves enhanced by using all fertilization treatments (except mineral N at 25% + Minia azotein) compared to control. The highest content of photosynthetic pigments and N% were resulted from application of mineral N fertilizer at 75%+ Minia azotein.
2) Effect of seaweed extract and/ or thiamine (vit. B1):
2-A) Vegetative growth characters:
Spraying parsley plants with seaweed extract and or vit. B1 at all concentrations led to significant augment in different vegetative growth traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of main branches/ plant and fresh and dry weights of herb/plant and/fed.) compared to the check treatment (tap water treated plants). The dual treatment (seaweed extract + vit. B1 both at 200 ppm) recorded better results for the aforementioned parameters.
2-B) Yield and yield components:
The same trend of vegetative growth characters was found, consistently, for yield and its components traits. All spraying treatments of seaweed extract and/ or vit.B1 significantly number of umbels/plant and fruit yield/plant and /fed. over the control treatment (tap water sprayed plants). The highest values of these parameters were obtained due to spraying the plants with mixture of seaweed extract + vit. B1 both at 200 ppm.
2-C) Essential oil determinations:
Application of seaweed extract, vit. B1 separately and their dual treatments caused remarkable increment in essential oil percent and essential oil yield/plant and/ fed. for both herb and fruits of parsley in comparison with control (tap water treated plants). The best results were detected for plants sprayed with both seaweed extract and vit. B1 each at 200 ppm.
2-D) Some chemical constituents:
A significant influence of the six used treatments of seaweed extract and/or vit. B1 was recorded for the three photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) contents, as well as, nitrogen percent compared with control(untrated plants). The dual treatment of seaweed extract at 200 ppm + vit. B1 at 200 ppm was the most effective in this concern.
3) Effect of the interaction:
The interaction effect between mineral N and biofertilization, seaweed extract and/or vit. B1 treatments was significant in increasing all studied parameters (vegetative growth, yield components, essential oil determinations and chemical constituents).The highest overall values in this concern in most cases were due to fertilizing parsley plants with 75% or 50% mineral N fertilizer + Minia azotein and spraying them with seaweed extract + vit. B1 both at 200 ppm comparing to those obtained by other combined treatments.
RECOMMENDATION
from the obtained results and under the same experimental conditions in this investigation, as well as, from the economic and environmental point of view, it could be recommended to fertilizing parsley (Petrosalinum sativum, Hoffm) plants with 50% of the recommended dose of mineral N fertilizer [150 kg/fed. of ammonium sulphate (20.6%N) ( 30.9 nitrogen units)] plus Minia azotein biofertilizer at volume of 50ml/hill in combination with spraying the plants with seaweed extract + thiamine (vit. B1 both each at 200 ppm, in order to maximize the herb, fruits and essential oil productivity.