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المستخلص
First: Study Title: The Efficacy of a Program based on the Infographic Technology for Developing Fields of Traffic Awareness of Kindergarten Child
Thesis: master
Second: Aims of the Study
This study aimed at:
1. determining the appropriate domains of traffic awareness for kindergarten children.
2. preparing a program using infographics to develop some domains of traffic awareness among kindergarten children.
3. measuring the effectiveness of using infographics to develop traffic awareness among kindergarten children.
Third: Problem of the Study
The problem of the current study is crystallized in weak traffic awareness among kindergarten children and the scarcity of using the infographic technology technique in teaching traffic awareness for the children of this stage. Accordingly, the problem stimulates the following questions:
1. What domains of traffic awareness are appropriate for kindergarten children?
2. What are the components of a suggested program using infographic technology to develop some fields of traffic awareness among kindergarten children?
3. What is the effectiveness of using infographics to develop traffic awareness among kindergarten children?
Fourth: Study Significance
The significance of the current study is as follows:
1. Theoretical Significance:
- Focusing the attention of kindergarten teachers on the significance of developing traffic awareness among kindergarten children.
- Directing researchers in the field of childhood to the importance of teaching with infographics and conducting more research regarding this variable.
- Adding a new scientific and cognitive framework regarding infographics as new technology and tool for teaching and learning in kindergarten.
- Increasing parents’ and early childhood educators’ awareness about the dangers of traffic behaviors on children, and the areas that need to be taught to children to prevent these dangers.
2. Practical Significance:
- Presenting an infographic-based program to develop some domains of traffic awareness for kindergarten children to assist kindergarten curriculum planners and developers in developing activities for kindergarten children.
- Providing an electronic pictured test on traffic awareness for kindergarten children.
- Presenting an observation card for the traffic awareness behaviors among kindergarten children.
- Providing a kindergarten teacher’s guide on how to develop traffic awareness for kindergarten children using infographics.
Fifth: Study Delimitations of the Study
1. Thematic Delimitations
The current study deals with the infographic technology and the domains of traffic awareness, namely: the signals that regulate pedestrian movement, the road safety measures, vehicle or school bus safety measures.
2. Human Delimitations
The current study is limited to the second-level kindergarten children whose ages ranged between (5: 6) years old.
3. Place Delimitations
The program was implemented in Al-Zahraa North Kindergarten, Minia Educational Administration, Minia Governorate.
4. Time Delimitations
The study was implemented in the first semester of the 2021/2022 academic year.
Sixth: Study Tools and Materials
The study tools are as follows:
1. Data collection tools
- A questionnaire for determining the appropriate fields of traffic awareness for a kindergarten child (prepared by the researcher).
2. The experimental treatment tools
- A Program based on infographic technology for developing fields of traffic awareness for kindergarten child (prepared by the researcher).
3. Measurement Tools
- The pictured electronic traffic awareness test for kindergarten children (prepared by the researcher).
- An observation card for traffic awareness behaviors of kindergarten children (prepared by the researcher).
4. Guidance Tools
- The kindergarten teacher’s guide on how to develop traffic awareness for kindergarten children using infographics (prepared by the researcher).
Seventh: Study Methodology
The current study utilized the experimental research approach with the quasi-experimental design of one group with pre-and post-measurements for the study group due to its relevance to the study topic and objectives.
Eighth: Study Hypotheses
The study hypotheses are as follows:
- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the research group in the pre-and post-measurements of the pictured electronic traffic awareness test for kindergarten children and its domains in favor of the post-measurement due to the use of the program based on the infographic technology.
- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the children of the research group in the pre and post-measurements of the Traffic Awareness Behaviors Observation Card for kindergarten children in favor of the post-measurement due to the use of the program based on the infographic technology.
Ninth: Study Procedures
The current study followed these procedures:
- Reviewing the references, research, and previous studies related to the field of study, analyzing them, and benefiting from them in designing and preparing the theoretical framework and the tools of the program.
- Preparing the theoretical framework, which includes the concept of infographics, types of infographics, components of infographics, criteria for designing infographics, the importance of infographics in education, as well as traffic awareness, its concept, and significance for kindergarten children and its domains.
- Preparing a form to determine the appropriate domains of traffic awareness for the kindergarten child.
- Preparing the scenario of the infographic program to develop some domains of traffic awareness for the kindergarten child and presenting it to a group of arbitrators.
- Preparing the program using the infographic technique to develop some domains of traffic awareness for the kindergarten child and presenting it to a group of arbitrators.
- Preparing a pictured electronic traffic awareness test for children and presenting it to a group of arbitrators.
- Preparing an observation card for the traffic awareness behaviors of kindergarten children and presenting it to the group of arbitrators.
- Conducting the necessary modifications to the study tools according to the arbitrators’ responses to reach the final image of these tools.
- Conducting the pilot study to ensure the validity of the study tools for application.
- Selecting the study sample from children of the second level in kindergartens, Minia Governorate.
- Obtaining the approval of the responsible authorities to implement the program.
- Pre-applying the study tools.
- The researcher applied the program to the study group.
- Post-applying the study tools to the research group.
- Processing the data Statistically.
- Analyzing data, presenting and interpreting results.
- Presenting recommendations and suggested research in the light of the study results.
Tenth: Summary of Results
1. The effectiveness of the program using infographic technology in developing the cognitive domain of traffic awareness among kindergarten children and this was explained by the first hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research group in the pre-and post-measurements of the pictured electronic traffic awareness test for kindergarten children in favor of the post-measurement due to the use of the program based on the infographic technology.
2. The effectiveness of the program using infographic technology in developing the behavioral domain of traffic awareness among kindergarten children and this was explained by the second hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the children of the research group in the pre and post measurements of the traffic awareness behaviors observation card for kindergarten children in favor of the post-measurement due to the use of the program based on the infographic technology.
3. The effectiveness of the suggested program that was designed to develop traffic awareness among kindergarten children using infographic technology, which confirms the effectiveness of the infographic technique.
Eleventh: Study Recommendations
In light of the results of the current study, the following recommendations are presented:
1. Train the student teacher to prepare the infographic to teach children knowledge and positive behaviors.
2. Raise parents’ awareness to pay attention to teaching their children the correct traffic experiences and behaviors from an early age before they enter kindergarten.
3. Incorporate traffic awareness into educational curricula at all educational levels, starting with kindergarten.
4. Emphasize the necessity to spread traffic awareness among parents, children, and employees of various educational institutions by preparing training courses for them.
5. Hold training courses for kindergarten teachers by the Ministry of Education to train them on preparing and using different technological techniques in teaching the kindergarten child, in addition to other methods.
6. Include traffic awareness within the program of preparing the student-teacher in the faculties of Education for Early Childhood.
7. Increase parents’ awareness to practice proper traffic behavior, because the child is a permanent imitator of them.
8. Conduct more research and studies on the use of infographic technology to find out the extent of its impact on the development of other concepts.
9. Provide kindergartens with the necessary infrastructure to employ technology in children’s education such as computers, data shows, amplifiers, and the internet.
10. Design kindergarten curricula to include infographics that are suitable for this stage.