الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study, 21healthy mature male geese, cattle egrets, and house sparrows were used for the anatomical, histological, and histochemical studies. After euthaniziation the topographic anatomy of the trachea and syrinx was detected. The trachea and syrinx of the three above-mentioned species were carefully dissected. The specimens for the light microscope were immediately fixed in bouin for 6 hours then10% neutral buffered formalin (N.B.F.) overnight after that, they were processed by paraffin technique. The obtained sections were stained with H&E, Crossmon’s trichrome stain, Orcein stain, AB (pH 2.5), PAS and silver stain.