الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The increasing and successive demand for energy sources has raised concerns about the sustainability of current energy resources and the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels. As a result of this growing concern, attention has been shifted to increasing and activating the uses of renewable energy sources in order to mitigate and reduce the running out of global energy reserves. Grid operation has become complex in the new environment of distributed energy resources (DERs), which gives importance to the resilience and reliability of the grid. In the face of many and many accompanying challenges, it has become necessary to search for the latest technologies to invest and exploit new and renewable energy, improve energy security and provide actual responses to all operations in future. Therefore, the most relevant aspects of the notion of integration of distributed energy sources in power systems will be addressed. As a result, because Egypt is one of the most regions in the world in terms of the intensity of solar brightness, the focus has been on investing in solar energy projects, which will be addressed.
Society is currently facing many challenges and difficulties associated with the energy management system. With global electric power consumption increasing steadily, there is a need to increase power generation capacity. There are serious environmental problems associated with traditional power generation systems, such as water and oil pollution and high oil prices in addition to climate change. These issues are the main motive and search engine for them new sustainable energy sources. Renewables can be the solution to this problem, saving a large percentage of the required installed capacity in addition to eliminating harmful emissions from traditional energy-generating sources. Therefore, this thesis discusses the effect of the integration of renewable energy sources on the power quality of distribution systems, which is what will be studied in detail. where the first chapter deals with the history of energy development, starting with fossil fuels, passing through electricity and ending with the use of new and renewable energy of its various types. An illustrated and detailed presentation is given of the state of the power system in Egypt. Due to Egypt’s geographical location and being one of the most intense regions in the world in terms of sunlight, the focus has been on investing in solar energy projects, which will be addressed. The state has developed a future plan to maximize the role of new energy projects and investments in the coming years. This was clearly demonstrated during the plan of the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy to increase the participation of renewable energy sources in the country’s total energy mix.
In this thesis, the RETScreen program is applied in feasibility studies of renewable energy systems. Different regions have been tested and evaluated for constructing the Photovoltaics (PV) power plants.
The construction of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) in the right place is an important task when planning power system development and selecting investors. This thesis also presents the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of installing a 50 kW solar power plant in five locations in New Valley Governorate in Egypt using the RETScreen Expert program. The study is based on annual electricity production, financial analysis, and greenhouse gas emissions. The results obtained from the RETScreen program demonstrated the feasibility of installing the proposed 50 kW PV power plant at any of the proposed sites.
Moreover, quality in general and electrical quality, in particular, are among the most important topics discussed. The impact of the integration of solar power plants in the power quality indices has been analyzed and discussed in detail. The effect of distributed generation on distributed power systems is studied. The penetration of generation sources into the distribution grid leads to a change in the characteristics of the distribution system, which affects different technical parameters according to the location in the grid and its size. Here, an IEEE 13 node distribution test feeder is simulated, and the effects produced by DG on voltage characteristics, real power losses, phase unbalance, and reactive power levels. These indices are studied by changing the penetration ratio of the integration of solar energy.