الفهرس 
Introduction
Anatomy of the middle earOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study, surgical outcomes of 48 patients were compared between two equal groups; group A who underwent endoscopic assisted retrograde mastoidectomy and group B who underwent endoscopic assisted canal wall up mastoidectomy. The patients in both groups had localized cholesteatoma (stage 1) according to according to European Academy of Otology and Neurootology / Jaban Otological Society (EAONO/JOS) staging system. The endoscopic assisted retrograde mastoidectomy was effective technique in eradication of cholesteatoma as well as it had less operation time and less post-operative pain than endoscopic assisted canal wall up mastoidectomy. Endoscopic assisted retrograde mastoidectomy was considered a better approach in eradication of cholesteatoma as it avoided non- necessary drilling in healthy bone to approach the cholesteatoma. The surgical endoscope played a pivotal and very important role in both previous techniques, as it directly contributed to the effective removal of cholesteatoma and its remnants, especially in the areas that were not visible to the surgical microscope, and thus reduced the rate of recurrence of cholesteatoma.”