الفهرس 
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Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in food as colorant additives (E171) and cosmotics. Uptaking these nanoparticles into humans by different ways may promote seroius side effects.
The present study designed to evaluate the ameliorative and protective actions of turmeric extract and/or Graviola extract against the toxic effects of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) on male albino rats. By using biochemical, hematological analysis and histopathologic approaches.
The study was performed in 80 Adult male Albino rats; all animals were randomized and divided equally into eight groups as follows:
group I: Normal Control: The rat were kept under standard condition, fed on balanced diet for 1 month, group II: Experimental control (Turmeric): The animals received 400 mg/kg BW Turmeric orally once daily for 30 consecutive days.
group III: Experimental control (Graviola): The animals received 400 mg/kg BW Graviola orally once daily for 30 consecutive days. group IV: Experimental control (Turmeric + Graviola): The animals received 400 mg/kg BW Turmeric and 400 mg/kg BW Graviola orally once daily for 30 consecutive days.
group V: Nano TiO2: The animals received 600 mg/kg BW TiO2 NPs orally once daily (1/20 LD50) for 30 consecutive days. group VI: Nano TiO2 + Turmeric: The animals received 600 mg/kg BW TiO2. And they received 400 mg/kg BW Turmeric orally once daily for 30 consecutive days. group VII: Nano TiO2 + Graviola: The animals received 600 mg/kg BW TiO2, and 400 mg/kg BW Graviola orally once daily for 30 consecutive days. group VIII: Nano TiO2 + Turmeric + Graviola: The animals received 600 mg/kg BW TiO2, 400 mg/kg BW Turmeric and 400 mg/kg BW Graviola orally once daily for 30 consecutive days.
At the end of our study Blood was gathered and analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, Albumin, total protein (T.P.), Butyryl Cholinesterase (P.ChE.) and Complete blood count (CBC) was performed. The Liver and kidney samples were used for the assaying of Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant and reduced glutathione (R.GSH) activities and for histopathological investigations.
Introduction of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles to rats induced an obvious liver and kidney toxicity, indicated by a significant increase in serum ALT, AST,ALP, BUN and Creatinine concentrations, and characterized with a significant decrease in serum ALB, T.P, B.Cholinesterase and they had greater level of liver MDA , minor total antioxidant and R.GSH levels. But In the groups that were administrated Turmeric and /or Graviola (titanium treated groups) showed improvement in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters and improvement in the histology of the liver and kidney.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that Turmeric and/or Graviola effectively protects against TiO2 NPs induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, future studies are required to propose turmeric and Graviola as a potential protective agent against toxicity induced by metal nanoparticles.