الفهرس 
الفصـــــلُ الثَّانِــي: ” الإطارُ النظريُّيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Introduction:
Wisdom is one of the main concepts that positive psychology dealt with in research and considered one of the authentic human strengths in the individual that the maybe reached in his life. A set of related traits are branched out from Wisdom such as knowledge, curiosity, love of learning, etc. that affect the apparent behavior of the individual and what is behind this behavior of balanced emotions that lead to sound judgment and sound decision. Wisdom also is subject to development and improvement during the stages of an individual’s life. It is related to the ability to read situations in a more mature manner with familiarity with the knowledge required by the situation. Moreover, wisdom is not limited to knowledge, but must be associated with behavior that expresses the outcome of everything that individual has acquired over the life course through experiences and situations, and is also related to some variables that vary in degree between individuals, such as conscientiousness as one of the five factors of personality and self-efficacy beliefs that affect the individual performance, as well as psychological well-being, the state that the individual can reach. By achieving its requirements of having a meaning of life, self-realization, and a sense of happiness and contentment, which are factors that can help predict the level of wisdom among young people at the undergraduate level.
Problem of the study:
The problem of the study is determined by answering the following questions:
1. Is there a significant relationship between wisdom and conscientiousness among a sample of university youth?
2. Is there a significant relationship between wisdom and self-efficacy among a sample of university youth?
3. Is there a significant relationship between wisdom and psychological well-being among a sample of university youth?
4. Is it possible to predict the level of wisdom of university youth, given the level of conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being combined together?
5. Are there significant differences in the level of wisdom between males and females?
6. Are there fundamental differences in the level of wisdom between those with practical sections and those with theoretical sections?
Purpose of the study:
The study aimed to identify the relationship between the level of wisdom on the one hand and conscientiousness, self-efficacy and psychological wellbeing in the other hand among a sample of university youth in the Egyptian universities, and to identify the extent to which it is possible to predict the level of wisdom among university youth by knowing the level of conscientiousness, self-efficacy and psychological well-being.
The importance of the study:
The importance of the current study stems from the of the scarcity of research and studies that dealt with the concept of wisdom analysis in the Arabian world and to study its relationship to psychological traits in general and conscientiousness as one of the most important moral values of the individual and self-efficacy beliefs and the level of psychological well-being in particular in the Egyptian environment in addition to an attempt to study the predictive relationship between wisdom on the one hand and between conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being on the other hand.
Hypotheses of the study:
In light of the findings of the studies conducted on the subject of wisdom, as well as those conducted on the variables of conscientiousness, self-efficacy and psychological well-being, the study hypotheses are summarized as follows:
1. There is a statistically significant correlation between wisdom and conscientiousness among a sample of university youth
2. There is a statistically significant correlation between wisdom and self-efficacy among a sample of university youth
3. There is a statistically significant correlation between wisdom and psychological well-being among a sample of university youth
4. The level of wisdom of university youth can be predicted by knowing the level of conscientiousness, self-efficacy and psychological well-being combined together.
5. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the study sample on the wisdom scale due to gender
6. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the study sample on the wisdom scale between the practical and theoretical sections
Methodology:
The researcher used the descriptive approach in this study.
Sample of the study:
The sample consisted of (612) male and female students from various universities and institutes in Egypt, from the first university year to the final, and their ages ranged between (19-25 years) with an average age of (22); Twenty-one of the sample members were excluded due to the lack of age specified for the study sample. The sample members were distributed according to gender (male - female), as well as according to the academic specialization (practical - theoretical).
Tools of the study:
1. The six-factor wisdom scale (prepared by the researcher)
2. The Six Factor Conscientiousness Scale (Chernyshenko, O.S., 2002) (translated by the researcher)
3. The Self-Efficiency Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993)
4. The Six-Factor Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) (translated by the researcher)
The statistical techniques:
In this study the researcher used the appropriate statistical techniques to standardize the study tools and analyze data to verify the validity of the study hypotheses, as follows:
1. Explanatory factor analysis for the wisdom scale (prepared by the researcher)
2. Confirmative factor analysis by means of AMOS20 program for the structure of translated measures used in this study to ensure their suitability for application in the Egyptian environment
3. Pearson correlation coefficient
4. Cronbach’s alpha stability coefficient
5. Stability coefficient by split-half method (Spearman Brown)
6. t-Test
7. Regression equation
Results of study:
The results of the study showed, that there is a positive correlation between the dimensions of wisdom scale and total score of the scale and each of the dimensions of conscientiousness and total score of the scale, self-efficacy, psychological well-being dimensions and total score of the scale among a sample of university youth, and there are no statistically significant differences due to gender in all dimensions of wisdom scale, and there are no significant differences attributed to specialization. The results also showed the possibility of predicting the level of wisdom given the level of conscientiousness, self-efficacy and psychological well-being among university youth.