الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Giza Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive winter growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 in the optimum sowing date 15th of November. The field experiments were laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plots were devoted to four wheat varieties i.e. Misr1, Gemmeiza11, Giza168 and Sids12 and the sub plots devoted to three seed categories or classes i.e. (Basic, Certified and Farmer-Saved seed). Sub plot area was 3.6 m2 contain 6 rows, 3 m long; raw to raw was 20 cm.
The cultivar wheat characters were deformed usually using the recommended scales as reported by IBPGR (1985), (Tottman, 1987 and UPOV, guidelines 1994) and the international recognized UPOV (1994). Field measurements i.e., earliness characters and, yield and its attributes and Off -type percentage% were measured. Laboratory testes i.e., standard germination test and its measurements and ISSR procedure were also performed. Correlation among various characters was also performed. All characters were subjected to analysis of variance according to Gomez and Gomez (1984) and Steel et al.(1997). Results could be summarized as follow:
5.1. Field Inspection, earliness characters:
5.1.1. Days to 50% heading:
- Mean performance showed highly significant differences between wheat varieties for days to 50% heading during both seasons. Sids12 variety was the earliest followed by Giza 168 during the 1st season and 2nd season. On the contrary, Misr 1 in the 1st season and Gemmeiza 11 in the 2nd one were the lateness in heading.
- Highly significant differences were observed between seed categories in both seasons. In the 1st season, Farmer seed category had the earliest 50% heading while, the late days to 50% heading were recorded by basic seed category. In the 2nd season, basic and certified seed categories gave the earliest 50% heading but Farmer seed category had the latest.
- Interaction between the two studied factors on days to 50% heading was insignificant in the 1st season and highly significant in the 2nd one. The shortest period for 50% heading (92.75day) was recorded by Sids 12 variety with Farmer seed category.
5.1.2. Days to 50% maturity
- Significant and highly significant differences were found between wheat varieties in both 1st season and 2nd season, respectively. Sids 12 was the earliest variety. Whereas, Misr 1 in the 1st season and Gemmeiza 11 in the 2nd one was the latest.
- Highly significant differences were recorded between seed categories in the 2nd season, only. Certified seed category recorded lowest values of days to 50% maturity. Whereas, farmer seed category recorded the greatest days to 50% maturity.
- Highly significant interaction effects were recorded between wheat varieties and seed categories in the 2nd season, the lowest No. of days to maturity (146.25) was verified by Misr 1 with certified seed category.
5.2. Field inspection, yield and its attributes
5.2.1. Flag leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD)
- Results showed highly significant differences between Varieties, where Sids 12 Variety recorded the greatest value of total chlorophyll content (SPAD) in both season and it’s combined.
- Results indicated insignificant differences between seed categories in both seasons and the combined.
- Highly significant interaction effects were noticed in the 1st season, Sids 12 variety with all wheat seed categories and Gemmeiza 11 variety with basic and certified seed category gave the higher value of chlorophyll content. However, the lower value of chlorophyll content was obtained by Giza 168 with certified and farmer saved seed categories.
5.2.2. Flag leaf area (cm2)
- Results showed highly significant differences among wheat varieties for the flag leaf area (cm2). Giza 168 variety had the broadest flag leaf area (cm2), while the lowest value of flag leaf area (cm2) was recorded by Misr1.
- Highly significant differences between seed categories were found in both seasons and it’s combined. Basic seeds category achieved the broadest value of flag leaf area followed by certified seed category, while farmer seed category had the lowest one.
- Highly significant interaction effect was found