الفهرس 
الفضل الأول الإطار العام للبحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The most important features of sport is its close connection with the developments and foundations of other natural sciences, where each sport activity is characterized by special abilities and qualities that qualify the athlete to practice this type of activity and enable him to reach the higher levels, despite the existence of an optimal technical performance for a specific movement that each player adheres to in the performance This movement, however, there is a difference between one player and another in his functional capabilities, and therefore that performance may suit some players and not suit others.
The development that is taking place in various fields, including the field of sports, which highlights the need to keep pace with what appeared from it, especially after sports have become one of the important standards among nations and its civilized concept as a result of the prominent role that the field of scientific research takes through study, analysis and understanding of the various fields and sciences of physical education, including The field of sports psychology, which is an influential aspect in the level of learning sports skills as well as its direct impact on competitions and high sports achievement, and this effect is clearly manifested When practicing sporting events that are dangerous and fear of possible injury, which are also characterized by fainting, or we notice a delay in the process of learning a sports skill as a result of the psychological reality that the player or athlete is going through, as many research and psychological studies have confirmed (that many well-known psychological diseases as well as Sports failures and the lack of good sports results are due to many psychological factors and reasons (Rasan, 1988, pg. 5).
Physiological factors play an important role in the success of the learning process, especially if they are used by the novice in the required manner. It has been found that the process of teaching swimming for females is easier and faster than the process of teaching males due to the different density of the sexes. A fat body is easier than a light body in the process of floating, and a child who has a healthy heart A wide lung helps him learn to swim easily, and a child who has long limbs helps him find positive resistance to the pushing process. This condition is related to the child’s muscular ability. The eyes also have an important role in learning the correct movements by observing the path of the movement of the arms and swimming in a straight line.
Ahmed Nasr Al-Din (2003 AD) says that the heart rate varies during the different stages of life, so the pulse rate of the newborn child ranges between 130-150 beats / s, and the rate drops to 120 beats / s when the child reaches the first age and continues to decline until it reaches 90 beats / s When a child reaches the age of one year, the normal heart rate in a healthy adult is about 72 beats per second (166,165:12)
Bahaa El Din Salama (2000 AD) mentions that blood pressure is the force with which blood affects the walls of blood vessels. (49:18) And Abu El-Ala Ahmed Abdel-Fattah (1998 CE) defines it that the driving force of the blood inside the circulatory system moves the blood from an area of high pressure to another of lower pressure, and when the blood rushes from the left ventricle to the aorta during the contraction of the heart, the pressure rises to its maximum intensity, and when the ventricle relaxes, it decreases The blood pressure is reduced to a minimum, thus it is noted that the blood pressure level during the cardiac cycle rises at the moment of contraction of the heart muscle and decreases during diastole (2:158).
“Abdul Rahman Abdul Hamid Zaher” (2000 AD) defines the vital capacity as the maximum volume of air that the individual can exhale after taking the maximum inhale, and usually it is about 4600 milliliters, and this includes the volume of normal inhaled air and what the individual can absorb additionally. It is called the reserve inhaled air volume in addition The volume of air that can be expelled and the volume of normal exhalation (27-53).
He explained, “Rasan Khuraibet” and “Nahed Rasan” (1988 AD) that the field of sports psychology, which is an influential aspect in the level of teaching sports skills, as well as its direct impact on competitions and high sports achievement, and this effect is clearly evident when practicing sports activities that are characterized by danger and fear of Possible injury to fall into, which is also characterized by the difficulty of learning and performing according to its own requirements in terms of skill and the conditions that lead to it. This is why we see that many athletes may fail to achieve a specific sporting achievement, or we notice a delay in the process of learning a mathematical skill as a result of the psychological fall that the player or learner is going through. (23:5)
Swimming in general is one of the sports activities that are difficult for beginners to learn, depending on the difference in the ocean represented by the water medium, which causes fear and hesitation for beginners, as well as some skills that may be difficult to learn despite the mastery of swimming well before it because of the need for self-confidence and courage And strength of will, as well as the rest of its other sections. Which is followed by physical activities for mental health, which are considered as the most important factors for building a normal personality. (Mukhtar, 1998, p. 85):
Muhammad Allawi (2006 AD) stated that many researchers have indicated that anxiety is considered as a warning or a signal to mobilize all the individual’s psychological and physical forces to try to defend and preserve oneself, and that anxiety, if its intensity increases, may lead to a loss of psychological balance, which provokes the individual To try to regain control of this psychological balance and restore its components by using many different behavioral methods. Anxiety usually occurs when the athlete feels weak, insecure or incapable when faced with work and responsibilities that he feels that is beyond his ability and ability or in a state of annoyance with some negative knowledge that is related to the expectation Level in the performance required of him to achieve (45:380- 3779)
Osama Ratib (1995 AD) believes that self- confidence is a belief in achieving gain or winning, which is a wrong belief and may lead to a lot of lack of confidence or overconfidence, but the correct concept of self-confidence means the realistic player expecting to achieve success.
Self-confidence does not mean what the player hopes to do, but What are the realistic things that are expected to be done? The possession of optimal confidence in athletes is a necessary and important personality trait, but the possession of this trait does not guarantee that athletes will achieve unity in performance, but athletes must possess the physical skills to achieve good performance (342:4)
Swimming in general is one of the sports activities that are difficult for beginners to learn, depending on the difference in the ocean represented by the water medium, which causes fear and hesitation for beginners, as well as some skills that may be difficult to learn despite the mastery of swimming well before it because of the need for self-confidence and courage And strength of will, as well as the rest of its other sections. Which is followed by physical activities for mental health, which are considered as the most important factors for building a normal personality.
(Mukhtar, 1998, p. 85): And through the researcher’s work in the physical and motor rehabilitation of the players and her exposure to many cases of sports injuries resulting from learning to swim and the psychological state of the students while learning that sport, which may result in physical injury, which motivated the researcher to try to identify some of the physiological variables associated with the emotional state of the students who are novices in learning swimming sport.