الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Male infertility is a disease that affects many patients worldwide. According to world health organization (WHO) statistics, male infertility contributes to about fifty percent of infertility cases.Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used widely in treatment of many malignancies as classical Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma and testicular neoplasms. CP administration is the gold standard method for developing testicular fibrosis model.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are ideal for preclinical and clinical trials. The aim of the present work was to assess the therapeutic potential of MSCs derived from bone marrow on cyclophosphamide induced testicular fibrosis in albino rats. The material & methods of this work included 36 (albino) adult rats, aged 6-8 weeks weighing 150-200 g. Male rats were used in this study for collecting the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thus to trace homing of these cells .
The rats were divided into the following groups:
* group A (Control group): 8 rats, each of them was injected intraperitoneally (IP) by 10 ml/kg body weight saline for 8 weeks.
* group B (Experimental group): 28 rats were IP injected by cyclophosphamide (CP) 20 mg/kg body weight single dose dissolved in saline.
The animals in group B were subdivided into3 groups as follows:
- Subgroup B1 (CP treated): 8 Rats were IP injected with CP at a dose of 20 mg/kg/body weight single dose.
- Subgroup B2 (Stem cells subgroup): 4 Rats received CP as in subgroup B1 and single dose of BMD-MSCs (1x106 per animal) injected into the tail vein and 4 rats received CP as subgroup B1 and then received intratesticular injection of BMD-MSCs.
Two rats were used for testing homing of locally injected stem cells and two were used for homing of systemically injected stem cells.
- Subgroup B3 (withdrawal subgroup):8 Rats received CP as in subgroup B1 and left for 12 weeks to test the withdrawal effect of cyclophosphamide (CP).
Characterization of BM-MSCs was done by:
1. Daily examination of the morphology of cultured cells using phase contrast inverted microscopy.
2 Flow cytometric analysis of the cultured cells’ surface markers.
Confirmation of testicular injury was done by histological examination using light