الفهرس 
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Abstract
The most serious problem facing Egypt at the present time is water poverty close to scarcity. This problem is due to two main reasons:
1- Overpopulation witch is the population of Egypt in 2002 The population of Egypt was 66.63 million people, and in January 2019 become 98 million. the annual growth percentage is 2%, which is a very high growth percentage. and future projections said that the population grows to 110 million by 2025.
2- Water poverty witch is the Limitation of water resources. The Egyptian water per capita in 1960 was 1839 m3 years and then decreased in 1990 to 1009 m3, which is almost the global water scarcity line 1000 m3, in 2013 to 633 m3 and are expected to reach 500 m3 in 2025.
The aim of this study is to develop small-scale solar desalination technology in Egypt by using manufacturing materials from the local market to manufacture and assemble the solar power plant (Parabolic Trough) for desalination of saline water And the production of pure water of high quality, depending on the source of renewable energy.
The Parabolic troughs are a linear collector. Its reflector surface focuses on sunlight on a receiver tube located along the focal line, heating the heat transfer fluid in the tube. Parabolic troughs typically have concentrations of 10 to 100, resulting in operating temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 ° C. PTC comprises of a mirror finish curved glass plate bent into parabolic shape so as to linearly focus all the incident radiation onto the absorber tube. The receiver/absorber system which is typically a metal pipe enclosed in an evacuated glass tube to reduce the convection losses, is mounted on the focus of the collector.
the receiving tube can achieve high temperature. PTCs systems are the best used for desalination. Due to high temperatures parabolic troughs are capable of producing high-quality thermal energy.
The desalination of saline water was treatment in 5 different locations representing most types of saline water in the Egyptian region.The samples were taken from Mediterranean sea at Alexandria, El-Tamsah lake in Ismailia, Red sea at Ain sokhna, Qaron Lake at ELFayom and Suez Canal at Ismailia.
Using Parabolic-Trough Collector (PTC), and the results were as follows:
1- Mediterranean sea in Alexandria, it was 33920 mg L-1 and become 1036 mg L-1 the removal % is 96.9%.
2- El-Tamsah lake in Ismailia, it was 31680 mg L-1 and become 326 mg L-1 the removal % is 98.6%.
3- Red sea in Ain sokhna, it was 36480 mg L-1 and become 652 mg L-1 the removal % is 98.2%.
4- Qaron Lake in ELFayom, it was 14525 mg L-1 and become 601.6 mg L-1 the removal % is 95.95%.
5- Suez Canal in Ismailia with salinity, it was 30272 mg L-1 and become 569.6 mg L-1 the removal % is 98.1%.
6- Microbial analysis in Qaron Lake is almost free.
After Processing the thermal analysis for each of the first model and the economic model using the data of the Solar Atlas for Egypt, the results were as follows:
1- The amount of water produced on the first model, approximately 7 L.
2- There is large difference between the intensity of solar radiation during the winter months and the summer months, that cause a large increase in the amount of water produced on the second model, approximately 1980 L.
The water obtained from the economic model can be used in the production of green fodder from cultured barley as follows:
Studies have proven that the amount of water needed to produce a ton of green fodder from cultured barley is 400 liters of water every 7 days. The green fodder from cultured barley has a preference over dry fodder due to its high protein content and ease of digestion, and consequently, it increased the weight of sheep by 17%.