الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 94 |  |  |
| | | from | 94 | | |
Abstract
The final stage of chronic liver injury with a high mortality is liver cirrhosis. It is an irreversible diffuse process characterized by disruption to the normal architecture of liver and formation of regenerating nodules which are separated by irregular fibrous septa from persisting necrosis.
One of the most common leading causes is chronic infection with HCV. However nowadays, in Egypt the prevalence of HCV has been dramatically changed toward a rapid and evident decrease and that success can be granted for the national screening program by the Egyptian government and the ministry of health and the introduction of directly acting antiviral drugs (DAADs) whom they target a robust HCV elimination by 2030.
Portal hypertension is one of the most important complications of cirrhosis which is responsible for the majority of its complications like esophageal varices, ascites and splenomegaly.
Decompression of the hypertensive portal vein by developing portosystemic collaterals leads to development of esophageal varices which are the most important one. The most lethal complication is the rupture of these varices with six-week mortality rates ranging between 15% and 25% after an attack of bleeding. Screening for these varices before bleeding is essential.