الفهرس 
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Abstract
. Summary and Conclusion
Drinking water quality should be preserved and conserved through the design, operation, and maintenance of water supply systems. The main goal of the current study has been planned from this perspective. During River Bank Filtration, Al-Qurain City, Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt, the main goal was to find a new technique like RBF and predict a dissolved organic matter biodegradation model. Al muzainin RBF, conventional drinking water (AL Qurian water Planet), and groundwater well delivered from the El Saadia canal were compared. The physical and chemical quality of drinking water has been monitored. The current study provided a comprehensive figure on tests carried out from 2016 to 2018.
5.1 Summary:
• Dissolved Organic Matter Biodegradation Model
Al muzainin RBF was recharged from raw water (El Saadia canal) at a rate of 70% to 80%.
The model estimated from TOC result the below
Empirical Model
TOCr (mg/l) = (a x (TOC0 x Qi) + b x (Qg x TOCg))/(Qr)
• Comparison between Al muzainin RBF and groundwater well
The water turbidity of Al muzainin RBF and groundwater well remained stable and were consistently below 0.39 NTU; the data shows that the turbidity reduction with Al muzainin RBF and groundwater well reaches 98 %.
The total dissolved solids of the El Saadia canal ranged from 192 to 228 mg/l, Al muzainin RBF from 259 to 295 mg/l, and groundwater well from 413 to 444 mg/l. The results show that the total dissolved solids of Al muzainin RBF are similar to those of the El Saadia canal and are better than groundwater well results.
Fe levels in El Saadia canal ≤ 0.016 mg/l and Mn concentration ≤ 0.007 mg/l. Al muzainin RBF results of Fe varied from 0.007 to 0.02 mg/l, and Mn varied from 0.001 to 0.009 mg/l. Fe’s groundwater well results varied from 0.26 to 0.49 mg/l, and Mn varied from 0.06 to 0.14 mg/l. The results of Fe and Mn in Al muzainin RBF are less than ground water well. Al muzainin RBF was complying with Egypt and WHO guidelines.
Analysis of Al muzainin RBF water showed that total coliform and fecal coliform comply with water standards for drinking water, and the total bacterial count and total algal count are less than the water standards for drinking water.
• Comparison between Al muzainin RBF and Al Qurian water Planet
TOC values of Al muzainin RBF were varied from 0.83 to 1.2 mg/l, TTHMs ranged from 6.33 to 9.81 µg/l, where TOC of Al Qurian water Planet went from 3.27 to 4.72 mg/l, TTHMs ranged from 34.77 to 69.45 µg/l.
HAA2 observations of Al muzainin RBF varied from 0 to 5.92 µg /l, THANs not detected. where HAA2 of Al Qurian water Planet varied from 18.4 to 53.8 µg /l, THANs varied from 1.89 to 12.31
µg /l.
Al muzainin RBF (no pre-chlorination) has a high reduction percentage of TOC. It was about 76% more than conventionally treated water Al Qurian water Planet maximum reduction is about 15%.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbon during Al Qurian water Planet was removed due to its high insolubility in water. The same in Al muzainin RBF was Polyaromatic hydrocarbon removed due to its high insolubility in water.
Al Qurian water Planet Herbicides like Molinate, Atrazine, Metolachlor, and Picloram average removals about 23%, 20%, 40 and 15% respectively, where the removal of simetryn and pendimethalin reaches 60% due to its high insolubility in water.
Al muzainin RBF Herbicides like Molinate, Atrazine, Metolachlor, and Picloram removal exceed 70% as represented, where the removal of simetryn and pendimethalin reaches 100% due to its high insolubility in water, Herbicides compounds in treated water decreased by 76 percent of the concentration present in river water by RBF.
Al Qurian water Planet Insecticides like Malathion average removal 20%, the high reduction of Dimethoate reach 100% and Diazinon get 65% due to the chlorination process, other pesticides like Bisphenol A, Carbofuran and Aldicarb average removals exceed 50%.
Al muzainin RBF Insecticides like Malathion average removal 60%, the high reduction of Dimethoate, Diazinon, Bisphenol A, Carbofuran, and Aldicarb reaches 100% due to adsorption and biodegradation.
• Batch study
Removal of pendimethalin, bisphenol A, Diazinon, and picloram was more significant than 99% in the batch reactors, whatever the biotic and or abiotic condition.
PAH exhibited removal gets to >99% that was mainly attributed to adsorption. Thus, it could be concluded that high hydrophobic substances tend to be highly removed by adsorption.
The removals of PAH, pendimethalin, Bisphenol A, and Diazinon exceeded 99% at all three temperatures tested 20, 25, and 30 ± 2 °C. Similarly, picloram exhibited higher removal efficiency (> 95%).
Malathion, atrazine, and metolachlor demonstrated more persistence through the batch study (removal efficiencies varying between 22–65%). They exhibited higher removal efficiency in biotic more than abiotic conditions relatively.
Molinate, aldicarb, Dimethoate, simetryn, and carbofuran substances with relatively high solubility exhibited a more biodegradable character through the batch study.
The temperature-dependent removal of molinate, Dimethoate, aldicarb, carbofuran, and simetryn was significantly improved with improvement in temperature reaches 100% in some cases, indicating that the hydrophobicity of the compounds enhanced at high temperature.
Malathion, atrazine, and metolachlor were markedly increased at high-temperature ranges under biotic and abiotic conditions. The high attenuation of the hydrophobic substances with increasing temperature is mainly related to their increasing adsorption capacity at higher temperatures.
5.2 Conclusions
• Al muzainin RBF is more effective than groundwater well in water quality, especially in Iron and Manganese.
• TOC removal in Al muzainin RBF is up to 80% is higher than Al Qurian WTP.
• The formation potential of THM’s in Al muzainin RBF is lower, about 85%, than Al Qurian WTP.
• HAA’s and HAN’s formation potential in Al muzainin RBF is lower about 90% than Al Qurian WTP.
• Al muzainin RBF is high Performance than Al Qurian WTP in removing Pesticides, Herbicides, and Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
• The results indicated that higher temperature enhanced the removal of OMPs during the RBF process.
• Al muzainin RBF recharged from Raw water (El Saadia canal) from 70% to 80%.
• The model estimated from TOC result the below
Empirical Model
TOCr (mg/l) =(a x (TOC0 x Qi) + b x (Qg x TOCg))/(Qr)
Recomondation :
This study is considered one of the pioneering studies in the field of applying river bank filtration technology to produce drinking water with high quality and low economic cost compared to the traditional methods used in the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is possible to build and benefit from the results obtained from this study to make in-depth studies and in different fields of science so that in the end this technology can be localized in the Arab Republic of Egypt.