الفهرس 
Problem statement.
Study area descriptionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Groundwater is an important resource for the existence of humanity. It is used by people all over the world for different activities such as irrigation, industrial and domestic consumption. Groundwater contamination has been recently a major issue for such activities. Irrigation, industrialization, and urbanization have posed significant threats to fresh water resources. The natural purification rate has been decreased because of the increased waste discharge and industrial effluent directly to the water environment. Fertilizers are major sources of the water and the soil pollution. Every year, Egyptian farmers use a lot of fertilizers more than 1.8 mt (FAO 2006), mainly using phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen in various forms (MWRI 2013). Industrial wastewater in Egypt represents 39% of the environmental issues of the industrial sector (SNC 2010). Dissolved inorganic and organic industrial wastes, metals and solids have direct negative effects on human health. Diseases like cancer of the respiratory system, cancer of the skin, hypertension, hematological effects, neurological effects, diabetes mellitus, lung diseases, and cardiovascular disease are some (Saha et al. 1999). To monitor and evaluate the groundwater quality, several approaches for groundwater vulnerability have been implemented. AVI, GALDIT, GOD, SINTACS, DRASTIC, EPIK, DRAMIC, DRACLIM, DIVERSITY, and Susceptibility Index (SI) method are typical examples. These models indicate the groundwater sensitivity to contamination which is represented in the pattern of vulnerability maps.