الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Gasoline is one of the foremost environmental and occupational pollutants. It constituted from several hundred hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds including; benzene, toluene, and xylene. It represents a truly serious health problem. Its fume has been considered a major air pollutant affecting immunity, bone marrow, liver, kidneys, lungs, sex organs, etc. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of gasoline vapors in 62 male attendants (16-70 years) compared to 29 age- and sex-matched- unexposed controls. The attendants were recruited from Damietta governorate gasoline stations and classified into groups depending on the period of exposure, age and smoking status. 5 ml blood samples were collected and TNF-α, AMCase, NO and their ratios were determined. Also, antioxidants, CBC, liver and kidney functions tests were determined. Finally, reproductive activity was evaluated via testosterone and FSH levels. Results, Gasoline exposure induced a significant increase in TNF-α and NO levels as well as slight but non-significant increase in the activity of AMCase. Further, TNF-α/AMCase and NO/AMCase ratios were significantly increased. Beside, the total leucocytic, lymphocytic counts and MDA level were significantly increased. On contrary, NLR and PLR were significantly decreased. In addition, significant reduction in Hb concentration, plasma glutathione reduced form (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in red blood cells as well as testosterone and FSH levels were observed in the exposed attendants. Finally, the mean serum levels of albumin and total proteins were significantly decreased but the mean levels of creatinine, urea and AST were significantly increased in sera of the attendants when compared to those of the healthy controls. In conclusion, this study inferred that prolonged gasoline exposure and smoking can mediate immune activation, especially M1 macrophages polarization. The exposure also induces oxidative stress. These leads to disorders in reproductive functions, liver and kidney function, tests as well as anemia. The possible mechanism may be via oxidative stress mediated damage and immune disturbances. Thus, if the exposure is the case, antioxidants supplementation is necessary.