الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
: Insufficient alveolar bone height is a common clinical situation encountered more in the posterior jaws. Advanced surgical procedures such as bone grafting, sinus lifting, and nerve repositioning are required to overcome this condition and make implant treatment possible for such patients. Prolonged healing period, increased morbidity, and longer duration of the implant treatment accompanies these procedures. Short implants are considered as a viable alternative in patients with reduced alveolar bone height to avoid more invasive surgical procedures. In the past, when machined implants were used, rehabilitation with short implants showed increased failure rate in comparison to longer implants. With the improvements in the surface topography of implants, which increase the bone implant contact, and use of adapted surgical protocols, similar survival rates as that of regular implants have been reported even with short implants. Short implants significantly reduce the danger of injury to the noble anatomical areas such as the inferior alveolar nerve and the maxillary sinus provided by surgical techniques done to increase the available bone in height for the installation of longer implants such as lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve, vertical osteogenic distraction, guided bone regeneration, sinus lifting, and others.
Study objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinically and radiographically the splinted short implants’ , and single short implants’ stability and bone condition before and after loading, in atrophic posterior mandibular alveolar ridges.
Materials and methods: A prospective study will be done on 16 Patients with missing posterior molars, with 6-8 mm of residual crestal height above the mandibular canal , and at least 7mm of crestal bone width .group A : 8 patients will have 2 short implants placed in atrophic posterior mandibular alveolar ridge. group B : 8 patients will have a single short implant placed in atrophic posterior mandibular alveolar ridge .The Implant Stability for mandibular implants will be measured immediately, 3 months and 3 months after loading with splinted screw retained crowns for group A, and single screw retained crown for group B. Cone beam CT will be done preoperative, 3 months and 3 months after loading to assess bone condition. Periapical x-rays will be done immediately postoperative, 3months and 3 months after loading.