الفهرس 
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Abstract
Clostidium Perfringens is aspore forming in response to stresses Also, Clostridium Perfringens have a strong tendency to live in communities adhering to surfaces laminated with extracellular matrix of polysaccharide and protein forming a slimy layer known as biofilms.
In this study:
218 samples were collected from necrotic enteritis diseased broiler chicken comprising 88 liver and 130 intestinal samples from different farms at El-Behera and Kafr El-Sheikh Governorates then, cultured anaerobically and identified by traditional biochemical methods.
Incidence of Clostridium Perfringens was 78.4 % from liver and 94.6% from intestinal wall samples with total percentage 86.5 % also, my data illustrated that the prevalence was 82.3% and 93.1% in Kafr-El Sheikh and El-Behera Governorates respectively and the prevalence among different ages was 88% at 10-20 days old, 93.7% at 21-30 days old and 70.9% over 30 days old.
Twenty samples were confirmed by PCR for genotyping of Clostridium Perfringens using a specific primer for alpha toxin gene and all samples were Clostridium Perfringens.These isolates were screened for presence of app.B, iol.D and rip.H genes which are three genes activated and phenotypically expressed in biofilm formation by monoplex PCR and the result illustrated that all the twenty Clostridium Perfringens isolates revealed bands of AppB gene, 17 of 20 samples gave iolD gene and 13 of 20 samples gave ripH gene bands.
Twenty PCR confirmed Clostridium Perfringens isolates were used for antiobiotic susceptibility testing using fifteen antimicrobial agents and results showed that all Clostridium Perfringens isolates were highly susceptible to imipenem. Also, isolates ranged from highly susceptible to susceptible to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. but, all isolates were resistant to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim, Colistin, Tylosine and Lincomycin and all isolates showed multidrug resistance.
Overnight blood culture of 20 isolates of Clostridium Perfringens is inoculated into Tryptic soy broth supplemented with of 1 % glucose for to optimize biofilm growth, then biofilms quantified by Tissue culture plate method using Elisa reader and result showed that all isolates were strong biofilm producers except three isolates which were moderate biofilm producers.
Nine disinfectants commonly used in field were used to evaluate their efficacy on Clostridium Perfringens biofilms using Tissue culture plate method and results explained that Sodium hypochlorite 0.027% was the most efficient disinfectant on Clostridium Perfringens biofilms.