الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted at Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, in co-operation with Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, during the period from April 2016 to September 2016. A total of twenty healthy Egyptian buffalo bulls with an average body weight of 400 Kg and 24 months of age were used in this study. All bulls were healthy and clinically free of the external and internal parasites, were fed a basal ration composed of concentrate feed mixture (CFM), fresh berseem (FB) and rice straw (RS), were fed according to (APRI) throughout the experimental period. The CFM composted of 35% un-decorticated cottonseed cake, 5% linseed cake, 25% ground yellow corn, 20% wheat bran, 10% rice bran, 3% molasses, 1% limestone and 1% common salt. Experimental animals belonging to each group were subjected for five months (experimental period), two as a preliminary period and three months as a collection period, to receive one of the following treatments: • Bulls in the 1st group (G1) were fed a basal diet and considered as a control group. • Bulls in the 2nd group (G2) were received an oral dose (3.0 g/h/d) from L-Carnitine (LC). • Bulls in 3rd group (G3) were received oral dose (3.0 g/h/d) from N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). • Bulls in 4th group (G4) were received oral dose (1.5 NAC + 1.5 LC g/h/d) as a combination. The oral dose was done at 8 a.m. Throughout the experimental period, sexual desire, physical semen characteristics were monthly recorded and blood samples were monthly. The obtained results could be summarized as the following: 5.1. Effect of different antioxidants supplementation on reaction time: Results showed that reaction time of buffalo bulls was significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the shortest in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the higher in the control group G1 (59.03, 66.63, and 67.78 vs. 95.83 second). 5.2. Effect of different antioxidants supplementation reproductive performance: 5.2.1. Ejaculate semen volume: Results show that ejaculate semen volume of buffalo bulls was increased significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1 (3.21, 2.63 and 2.59 vs. 2.12 ml). 5.2.2. Progressive motility: Results showed that progressive sperm motility of buffalo bulls was increased significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1 (77.72, 72.78 and 72.53 vs. 66.67 %). 5.2.3. Live sperm: Results showed that sperm livability of buffalo bulls was increased significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1 (78.83, 75.00 and 74.08 vs. 68.58 %). 5.2.4. Sperm abnormality: Results reported that sperm abnormality of buffalo bulls was improved significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the shortest in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the higher in the control group G1 (13.67, 17.42 and 17.70 vs. 26.05 %). 5.2.5. Sperm concentration, x109/ml: Results showed that sperm concentration of buffalo bulls was increased significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 moderate in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1 (1.350, 1.251and 1.098 vs. 0.848 x109/ml). 5.2.6. Total sperm output, x109/ejaculate: Results showed that total sperm output was significantly (P<0.001) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 modest in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1 (4.381, 3.371 and 2.913 vs. 1.809 x109/eja). 5.3. Effects of different antioxidants supplementation on some blood plasma constituents in buffalo bulls. Results showed that biochemical blood parameters was affected significantly (P<0.001) increased of total proteins (TP), albumin (AL), globulin (GL) and glucose (Gl) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in G4 modest in G2 and G3 and the lowest in the control group G1, TP (9.46, 8.48 and 8.14 vs. 7.24 g/dl), AL (4.62, 3.50 and 3.42 vs. 3.01 g/dl), GL (4.97, 4.73 and 4.23 vs. 4.83 g/dl), Gl (66.19, 63.57 and 61.55 vs. 57.82 g/dl). While significantly (P<0.05) decreased concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine in (G2, G3 and G4) than in the (G1) total cholesterol (149.42, 149.59 and 134.84 vs. 172.04 g/dl), triglycerides (53.04, 53.62 and 49.48 vs. 60.44 g/dl), creatinine (0.71, 0.68 and 0.62 vs. 0.88 g/dl). 5.4. Effects of different antioxidants supplementation on blood hematological parameters in buffalo bulls. Results showed that the blood hematological parameters was significantly (P<0.001) increased of red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) than in the control group G1, RBC (7.44, 7.53 and 8.27 vs. 6.43 x106/mm3), Hb (9.19, 9.12 and 10.36 vs. 7.92 mg/dl), PCV (33.59, 33.83 and 34.71 vs. 31.44 %). While significantly (P<0.05) decreased of white blood cells count (WBC) in (G2, G3 and G4) than in the (G1) (7.10, 7.46 and 6.97 vs. 7.73 x103/mm3). 5.5. Effects of different antioxidants supplementation on enzyme activity, testosterone concentration and total Antioxidant capacity in buffalo bulls. Results showed that the a a enzyme activity, testosterone concentration, and total antioxidant capacity was significantly (P<0.001) increased of testosterone concentration (TC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) than in the control group G1, TC (6.65, 6.97 and 7.59 vs. 5.12 ng/ml), TAC (3.48, 3.92 and 4.59 vs. 2.33 mM/l). While significantly (P<0.05) decreased of enzyme activity (EA) in (G2, G3 and G4) than in the (G1) AST (51.45, 50.54 and 46.79 vs. 59.03 IU/l), ALT (18.51, 17.15 and 15.68 vs. 23.74 IU/l). 5.6. Effects of different antioxidants supplementation on seminal plasma biochemical in buffalo bulls. Results showed that the seminal plasma biochemical was significantly (P<0.001) decreased of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (Tr), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) transaminases by antioxidants treatment, being the shortest in treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) than in the control group G1, TC (88.97, 84.31 and 80.34 vs. 96.89 g/dl), Tr (39.21, 37.65 and 33.86 vs. 46.32 g/dl), AST (46.71, 45.32 and 40.29 vs. 57.78 IU/L) and ALT (22.41, 21.05 and 18.84 vs. 26.34 IU/L). While significantly (P<0.05) increased of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in (G2, G3 and G4) than in the (G1) (2.63, 2.88 and 3.63 vs. 1.75 mM/l). 5.7. Effects of different antioxidants supplementation on sperm characteristics and total antioxidant in post-thawed semen of buffalo bulls. Results showed that the sperm characteristics and total antioxidant in post-thawed semen of buffalo bulls was significantly (P<0.001) increased of progressive motility (PM), live sperm (LS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by antioxidants treatment, being the higher in treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) than in the control groupG1, PM (57.95, 59.85 and 63.10 vs. 45.15 %), LS (58.95, 60.35 and 63.90 vs. 47.00 %) and TAC (3.10, 3.22 and 3.75 vs. 2.87 mM/l). While significantly (P<0.05) decreased of abnormal sperm (AS) and acrosome damage (AD) in (G2, G3 and G4) than in the (G1) AS (27.30, 26.60 and 19.70 vs. 48.90 %) and AD (31.70, 30.50 and 22.70 vs. 49.00 %). In conclusion, an oral dose of (1.5 g NAC+1.5 g LC bull/day) as a combination for 3 months improves health status, immunity response, and antioxidant capacity, had an impact to achieve high-quality semen to spread the use of artificial insemination with buffalo bulls of high fertility.