الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dissertation Abstract : Background and Objective: Cadmium chloride (Cdcl2) is a highly toxic heavy metal that cause severe degenerative effects to different body organs. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) may have a protective effect upon Cdcl2 induced structural and functional changes in the rat’s salivary glands. Thus, this study will be conducted to demonstrate the possible changes in submandibular salivary glands of all groups and the possible therapeutic and prophylactic effects of BMMSCs. Material and Methods : 125 adult male albino rats, were divided randomly into 5 equal groups; Control group: rats were received no treatment. group (I) : rats were received 10 mg/kg body weight of Cdcl2 dissolved in 2ml saline prepared freshly daily for 24 days and sacrificed one week later, group (II) Prophylactic group: rats were injected by single dose 1 × 106 BMMSCs suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by intravenous injection (via tail vein) one week before Cdcl2 administration and sacrificed one week later. group (III) Concomitant group: concomitant injection of BMMSCs with the first ingestion of cadmium, rats sacrificed one week after Cdcl2 withdrawal. group (IV) Treated group : rats were received Cdcl2 for 24 days then one week later; the stem cells were injected, and rats sacrificed one week after BMMSCs injection. Specimens from submandibular salivary glands were processed for staining with H&E and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) stain ; other specimens were used to demonstrate metallothionein (MT) gene expression via real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), malondialdhyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) enzymes by Eliza test. The obtained data were tabulated, coded then analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results : microscopically, group I revealed variable atrophic changes of acini and ductal cells, while groups II, III and IV showed regenerated maintained ductal and acinar outlines. Conclusion : Cdcl2 can cause severe toxic effects on the submandibular salivary glands. BMMSCs have protective and regenerative effects against Cdcl2 induced cytotoxicity in rat’s submandibular salivary glands.