الفهرس 
Etiology and EpidemiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Amblyopia is one of the most significant pediatric disorders in ophthalmic and orthoptic practice and it is the most common cause of monocular visual loss. It is usually unilateral, it can be bilateral and usually where there is high bilateral refractive error or other binocular pathology.
Objectives: The purpose of our work was to study the value of macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness, measurement of both eyes using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) during management of patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia.
Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative case – control study was conducted in Ophthalmology department, Ain Shams University Hospital. The study included 45 children, age ranging from 6 to 12 years. They were divided into Three groups: group (A): 15 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. group (B): 15 patients with unilateral anisometropia without amblyopia. group (C): 15 normal subjects. A written informed consent was taken from parents. Ethics approval obtained from the institutional review board of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.
Results: The study found that there were high statistically significant decrease as regard mean average RNFL thickness and inferior quadrants but no statistically significant differences as regard mean RNFL thickness in superior, temporal and nasal quadrants between amblyopic eyes in group A before and after 6 months of treatment. There were a highly statistically significant decrease as regard mean macular thickness (μm) in superior, temporal and inferior quadrants of inner 3mm ring and inferior and nasal quadrants of outer 6mm rings but there were no statistically significant difference in central macular thickness, nasal quadrant of inner 3mm ring and superior and temporal quadrants of outer 6mm rings in the amblyopic eyes after 6 months of treatment compared to before treatment.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference as regards average RNFL thickness between control and amblyopic eye before treatment. There is significant decrease as regard average RNFL thickness between control and amblyopic eye after treatment. There is significant decrease as regard average RNFL thickness between amblyopic eye after treatment and amblyopic eye before treatment. There is high significant decrease as regard central total foveal thickness between amblyopic eye before treatment and control. There is high significant decrease as regard central total foveal thickness between amblyopic eye after treatment and control. There is high significant decrease as regard central total foveal thickness between amblyopic eye after treatment and amblyopic eye before treatment.