الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are a group of neoplasms that have variable and complex histological nature, owing to this complexity in their histological and clinical appearance, many helping tools became mandatory in diagnosis so as to reach a proper prognosis which will help surgeons during their surgery.
There is more than one assay to measure and identify tumor biomarker. These assays could only be approved if they have analytical validation, they have to be with high degree of accuracy, reproducibility, can be relied on, and have clinical utility.
Interleukin10 plays an important role in immunosuppression. It can also help in treatment of various diseases such as, chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, graft versus – host disease and sepsis.
Interleukin 10 is a potent pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions, as well as anti-cancer activities. Various cell populations are able to produce it. However, the major source of IL-10 production is macrophages. Increased IL-10 expression in tumor tissues was noted in different cancer types. In addition, this raised concentration was proposed as an indicator of poor prognosis.
Therefore wide researches to study IL-10 expression on salivary gland tumors is mandatory to discover it’s diagnostic and prognostic role.
Almost all neoplasms have the ability to proliferate very fast. Knowing the fraction of the proliferation in tumor cells helps to diagnose different cancerous diseases and to reach proper diagnosis. One of the effective ways to calculate the proliferation fraction is using biological markers.
Therefore investigation of a proliferative marker as Ki-67 is useful in diagnosis of SGTs.
Ki-67 is a protein of non-histone nuclear type that is encoded by the gene MKi-67, and it is considered a proliferative marker, during the cell cycle interphase.
Thirty cases of SGTs were included in the present study. Fifteen cases were benign (thirteen cases of pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin’s tumor (WT) and myoepithelioma (ME) were represented by 1 case each), and fifteen cases were malignant (eight cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA), three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenocarcinoma were represented by two cases each.
The most common benign SGT was pleomorphic adenoma representing 43.3%, and the most common malignant SGT was carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma 26.7%. The patients’ age ranged between 11 and 74 years. Thirteen patients (43.3%) were males and seventeen patients (56.7%) were females. Regarding the location, the palate was the most common site representing 43.3% of the cases (n=13). The parotid gland was the second common site representing 30% of the cases (n=9).
Biopsies were histologically evaluated using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Serial sections were immunohistochemically stained by Immunohistochemical marker of E.coli-derived human IL-10 recombinant protein Cat. 144728 (100ug) and immunohistochemical marker of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for Ki-67, using Labeled- Strept -Avidin Biotin (LSAB) complex method. The intensity of immunostaining of both IL10 and Ki-67 was calculated in terms of mean area percent (MA %) and mean optical density (MOD) by Image J software.
In this study, the examination of Ki-67 and IL10 was done in normal salivary gland tissues, BSGTs and MSGTs. The sections of normal tissues hardly showed any reaction towards Ki-67 and IL-10, MSGTs showed higher expression to Ki67 and IL10 than BSGTs showing statistically significant difference in between.
Moderate expression was detected in the benign tumors for both markers, as for the malignant tumors, they showed strong Ki-67 and IL-10 immuno reactivity,
Carcinoma ex PA exhibited intense diffuse total cell immune positivity to Ki-67 marker in almost all malignant cells.
The mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases included in this study were of both high and low grade types. Both types were positively immunoreactive to Ki-67, obviously being more intense in high grade type and especially in the epidermoid cells.
Also, adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), exhibited intense positive nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoexpression of Ki-67, thus concluding that Ki-67 marker is useful in assessing the intensity of proliferation and it gives indications on the risk of malignancy.
The current study concluded that IL-10 can be detected immunohistochemically in human tissues of SGTs. Cytoplasmic expression of IL-10 was revealed in the malignant epithelial cells. However, the inflammatory cells within the tumor stroma showed negative IL-10 immunoreaction.