الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spondylolisthesis is the relative anterior slipping of a vertebra over those below it. It commonly affects the lumbosacral junction. Isthmic types make up the majority of cases. Although twice as many males have pars defects, high grade slips are four times more likely in females. It is rarely seen before age of five.
Spondylolytic listhesis is the most common cause of back pain in children and adolescents. Back pain and sciatica are the main presenting symptoms of spondylolytic listhesis. Conservative treatment remains the initial focus of treatment of spondylolytic listhesis. Indications for surgery include persistent or intolerable leg or back pain, progressive deformity, neurologic symptoms such as foot DROP and bowel or bladder dysfunction.