الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was aimed to:
1- Surgical studies and survey on anal sacculitis and its complications in dogs in Alexandria.
2- Induction of experimental anal sacculitis and investigate its clinical effects on animal.
3- Throw the light on the different methods of diagnosis including; Clinical examination, radiographic scanning, ultrasonographic scanning and histopathological evaluation in experimental and clinical cases.
4- Recording, evaluating and compare different treatment protocols and the surgical intervention on clinically affected cases.
The material in the present study divided in 2 groups composed of 4 experimental dogs and 302 clinical cases of dogs related to different breeds of either foreign or Native breeds. They were collected from different locations in Alexandria city. Some cases were collected from the clinic at the Faculty of veterinary medicine-Alexandria University and some from the private clinic and animal health center at Alex. All cases were subjected to through clinical examinations including inspectations, pulse rate palpation and body temperature, blood works with special examination palpation of the affected organs beside case history for any truma, accidents and contusions, X-Ray examination, Ultrasound examination, laboratory examination (CBC analysis)
Anal sacculectomy was made when necessary, needing surgical instrument, surgical suture material, anesthesia, pre and post-operative requirements. Various medical therapies were used including local preparation and systemic medication.
The results of the present study indicated that:
1-The case history taken from the owners about the dogs indicated that, the dogs suffering from soft stool for days , itching its coat, biting tail, biting back over tail and biting anal area .
2-The Clinical examination of the dogs suffering from anal saculitis cleared that, the dogs had dermatitis on the back, hair losses, rough hair, defuse dermatitis, otitis externa, vaginitis, scrotal inflammation, itching & biting the skin, offensive odour of the dog, skin ulcer and anal sac abscess.
3-While the results on the incidences of anal sacculitis among the sex of the dogs cleared that, the higher number of male suffering from anal sacculitis observed in German shepherd 61, Golden retriever 34 Rottweiler 26 Griffon 24
4-The skin lesions, bad odour, itching, otitis, vaginitis, impaction, suppurative inflammation, the erythema, ulceration and skin dermatitis are common signs.
5-Meanwhile, our results on the manual palpation and evacuation of anal sac (manual expression) cleared that, enlargement of anal sac and impacted with fluid in nature as all cases had impacted fluid with very offensive odor, creamy to brownish discharge , the fluids viscosity were ranged from oily to cheesy
6-Results of the X-Ray cleared that, the anal sac was characterized by thickening of the wall and enlargement of its size.
Also, the results of ulterasonography cleared that, there is impacted sac with fluid, thickening in anal sac wall and enlargement of its size.
7-Laboratory investigations cleared that; gram –ve bacteria was the cause and the sensitivity test revealed Quinolones, Azithromycin, Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone as the most sensitive antibiotics)
8-Results of the present study on the microorganisms identification cleared that, E coli was the causative agent of infective anal sac.
9-The CBC analysis cleared that, the henoglobin, RBCs, Haematocrite MCV, MCH, MCHCH show a normal to slight elevation level than the references range of a helathy dogs. Also, WBCs level, neutrophils and monocytes level show a higher level than the references range of a helathy dogs.
10- Histopathological examination of the excised anal sac and gland cleared that, degenerative and atrophic changes in the anal sac and glands. The acini appeared small atrophied with degenerated epithelium and some areas of fibrous and vascular connective tissue proliferation.
12- Treatments cleared that, the best treatments results observed in the treatment protocol in the group 2 (Manual evacuation with ciprofloxacin) followed by the group-3 treatment (Manual evacuation with Azithromycine) and the lower results observed in the treatment of group-1 (Manual evacuation with topical treatments).
13-Surgical treatment was done in dogs when the previous treatments failed with them, and act as a final treatment for these cases which have good results for prevent the symptoms of the same cause.