الفهرس 
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Abstract
Lactobacilli belong to a group of probiotics, regarded as safe microorganisms and they have several abilities such as they can reduce Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhance gastrointestinal barrier function, reduce inflammation, and modulate host xenobiotic metabolism.
The detoxification potential of xenobiotic comes from the finding that lactic acid bacteria have an affinity for many toxic metals and various organic pesticides including organophosphorus (OP), making it possible to isolate them prior to their adsorption into the bloodstream and tissues.
The widespread occurrence of any foreign chemical in the environment like pesticides is a public health concern. Pesticides, of course, are poisons that are used to control insects, rodents and other undesirable animals on plants.
Worldwide, Pesticides are manufactured, transported, and applied in billions of pounds yearly, and individuals working at any stage of pesticide production, transportation, or application are at risk for OP exposure. Exposure to OP pesticides can occur through multiple pathways, including food contamination, environmental and household pollution, proximity to agricultural fields, and agricultural work.
Two strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei studied for their degradation ability in vitro and in vivo on organophosphorus malathion.
In vitro, the two tested strains showed a high ability in malathion biodegradation which is detected by tracing the relative abundance of malathion and its degradative product by the GC- MS spectrometry. Also, by the detection of phosphatase enzyme level which was elevated in both strain in presence of malathion and decreased gradually upon the depletion of malathion from the sample, which reflect the role of phosphatase enzyme in biodegradation process. In the first 48 hours, Lactobacillus acidophilus showed a high malathion biodegradation ability over Lactobacillus casei then in the 72 hours and 120 hours its ability decrease when compared with Lactobacillus casei which completed its biodegradation process in a steady state.
In vivo, the two tested strains showed a high protective role in malathion induced hepatotoxicity. Firstly, by tracking malathion and its impurities, thus decreased in lactobacillus treated groups when compared with positive control group after 27 days. Also, by tracking the main metabolites products malathion monocarboxylic acid and malathion dicarboxylic acid thus increased after 27 days in lactobacillus treated groups when compared with positive control. Secondly, in lactobacillus treated groups liver enzymes, albumin and pseudocholinesterase were normal when compared with positive control. Thirdly, lactobacillus treated group sustained liver structure in rats when compared with positive control.
This indicates that lactobacilli have protective role in malathion induced hepatotoxicity.