الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 125 |  |  |
| | | from | 125 | | |
Abstract
This study was conducted in the lab and farm of Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University.
The aim of this work is to increase the feeding value of some common roughages (wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw) and to determine its effect on the productive performance of sheep.
This study is composed of three experiments. Experiment 1: an IN-VITRO study to measure the in-vitro dry matter disappearance of 15 treatments.
These treatments were three type of straw (wheat, rice and soybean straws) and five treatment for each type of straw as following:-
1-Contral treatment 2- Urea 5% treatment.
3- Urea 5% plus molasses 10% 4- Urea 5% plus yeast 8% 5- Urea 5% plus molasses 10% plus yeast 8% (w/w) on dry matter basis.
Experiment 2:
In vivo experiment itis divided into two parts (A and B): The first part (A) is a digestion experiment and the second part (B) is a group feeding experiment on 28 growing Ossimi male lambs divided into four equal groups each of 7 lambs. Each group fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) in amount that represent 70% of their metabolizable energy and protein requirements and soya bean straw (SBS) treated or untreated ad-libitum ( A- control , B- a+5%urea +10% molasses , C- b+8% yeast and D- c+ Fat 8% ). The experiment lasted 120 days.
Experiment 3:
In vivo experiment on 20 growing Ossimi rams that fed treated or untreated SBS as a sole feed to determine the effect of several treatment on the feeding value of SBS it self.
The results of experiment one (1). Indicated that each treatment increased crude protein (CP) concentration and reduced the CF concentration of each straw. Treatment T5 showed the highest concentration of CP and the lowest concentration of CF in each straw type. The in vitro dry matter disappearance (INVDMD %) was significantly (P<0.01) improved due to each treatment for each straw type. The highest value was 47.97% for SBS in T5. While, the lowest value was for rice straw (RS) in T1. Accordingly SBS was used in the following two in-vivo experiment 2 and 3 using four treatments (control SBS (T1), T1+5% urea +10% molasses = T2, T2+8%yeast =T3, T3+ 8% Fat (soya bean oil) = T4. The concentrate feed mixture used contained 18.8% crude protein (CP) , 6.35% ether extract (EE), 9.77% crude fiber (CF), 54.62% nitrogen free extract (NFE) and 10.37ash. The digestibility coefficients of CFM plus SBS were significantly (P<0.01) increased when lambs fed T4 than feeding T1 for all nutrients. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM) , organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) ,crude fiber (CF) , and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were in the order 63.68, 68.55, 78.61,82.45, 58.51 and 67.35% respectively when lambs fed T4.The respective values when T1 was fed were 60.61, 64.09, 75.82 , 78.67, 48.77, and 66.32% successively. The TDN value was 65.86 for T4, while it was 61.17 for T1.
Results of group feeding experiment after 120 days of feeding the tested treatments were: The average body weight gain was 21.66, 25.05, 25.40, and 27.10 kg /lamb. For T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Differences among control and other treatments were significant (P<0.01).The highest daily weight gain was 225g for lambs fed T4 while, the lowest daily weight gain was 180 g / d for lambs fed T1.
The average dry matter (DM) intake of CFM was increased due to SBS treatments, the highest value was 0.925 g /h / d for lambs fed T4, while the lowest value was 0.858 g /h /d for lambs fed T1.The increment level is 7.81% the DM intake of SBS treated or untreated was increased by 27.48% for lambs fed T4 as compared with lambs fed T1.
The feed conversion ratio (kg feed / kg gain) was enhanced due to treatments. The values were 6.72, 6.42, 6.43 and 6.11 kg feed / kg gain for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The improvement was 9.08% as T4 was compared with T1.
Each treatment increased urea, ammonia and triiodothyronine concentrations in blood. The differences due to treatments were significant (P<0.01). The values were 20.75, 35.35, 33.22 and 31.58(mg /dl) for urea when lambs fed T1, T2, T3 andT4 respectively. The concentrations of ammonia (mg /dl) were 0.557, 0.725, 0.717 and 0.691 for lambs fed T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The respective concentrations of triiodothyronine (t3) were 1.78, 1.88, 1.96 and 2.03 (ng / ml) for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 successively. Concentrations of thyroxine (t4) were significantly (P<0.01) decreased due to treatments. The values were in the order 10.16, 9.88, 9.71 and 8.91 (mg /dl) for the four treatments consecutively.
Results of experiment (3) where SBS treated or untreated was fed solely to Ossimi rams for 21 days in a digestibility experiment indicate that the average SBS consumed were 0.760, 0.886, 0.960 and 1.02 (kg /head /d). It was 34.21% greater for rams fed G4 than those fed G1. The body weight change through the 21 days digestibility experiment was 1.97 , 2.31 , 2.61 and 2.8 kg, while the feed conversion ratio (kg feed /kg weight change) were 8.08 , 8.05, 7.70 and 7.63 for rams fed G1,G2, G3 and G4 respectively.
The digestibility coefficients of all nutrients were significantly (P<0.01) increased due to each treatment. The highest values were recorded for feeding G4 while, the lowest values were recorded for feeding G1 the control untreated SBS. The digestibility coefficient for DM, OM ,CF, EE ,CF and NFE were 42.24, 50.95, 69.73, 72.63,46.41 and 47.15% for rams fed G4 while , the respective values for rams fed G1 were in the order 34.40, 41.72 , 46.20, 61.51, 39.74 and 41.95% respectively.
The feeding value expressed as TDN or DP were significantly (P<0.01) differed among treatments. The highest values were recorded for rams fed G4 (53.64%TDN and 5.6% DP), while the lowest values were recorded for rams fed G1 (37.19% TDN and 1.94% DP). Each treatment increased concentrations of urea, ammonia and triiodothyronine (t3) in blood serum of rams fed treated SBS. While, each treatment decreased concentration of thyroxine hormones (t4) significantly (p<0.01). The highest concentrations of urea was 26.69 (mg /dl) recorded for G2, while the lowest figure was 18.22 (mg / dl) for rams fed G1. The highest concentration of ammonia in blood was recorded for rams fed G2 (0.622 mg / dl), while the lowest concentration was 0.513 (mg / dl) for rams fed G1 the control treatment.
The concentrations of t3 (triiodothyronine) in blood of rams fed the tested rations ranged from 1.51 to 1.84 (ng/ ml). Significant (P<0.01) differences were found among treatments. The highest value was for rams fed G4, while the lowest value was for rams fed G1. The concentrations of thyroxine (t4) in rams blood ranged from 7.87 to 7.19 (µg / dl). The difference was significant (P<0.01).The highest value was for rams fed G1, while the lowest value was for rams fed G2.