الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was carried out at the Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University to investigate the effect of dietary corn germ meal inclusion without or with bile salt on change in body weight, production performance, egg quality, reproductive performance, immune response, some blood parameters and carcass quality of Japanese quail laying hens.
Four hundred eighty of 4 weeks old of Japanese quail birds (360 female & 120 male) obtained from a local trade Company. Laying quail hens and males were allotted into 6 groups 60 quail hens and 20 male per each group), each group subdivided into two replicates (each replicate 30 hens and 5 males). Birds were kept in wire cages, and each cage was provided with feeder and water troughs. The laying hens were fed a basal diet containing 20% crude protein. group one fed on the basal diet without supplement and consider as control, while group 2 and 3 fed on the basal diet containing 10% and 20% of CGM respectively, instead of corn grains and soybean meal, while groups 4 – 6 fed as the previous detailed design of the first three groups but, with the addition of 500 g DBA/tone diet. The ingredient composition and chemical analysis of the experimental diet are presented in table 2 and 3 respectively. All the experimental diets and fresh water were available throughout experimental periods (10 weeks). The obtained are summarized in the following:
• Inclusion of corn germ meal (CGM) at 10 or 20% instead of corn grain and soybean meal in laying Japanese quail diets increased body weight change throughout the experimental periods of quail hens by about 201.2% and 433.5% respectively, compared to control.
• It was observed that inclusion of corn germ meal (CGM) at 10% in laying quail ration non-significant (P≥0.05) decreased average EW throughout the whole experimental period by about 8.5% compared to control, while 20% inclusion non-significant (P≥0.05) decreased average EW 10.2% compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation with 0.0 or 10% inclusion of corn germ meal reduced (P≥0.05) average egg weight throughout whole experimental periods, while DBA supplementation with 20% inclusion of corn germ meal increased (P≥0.05) average EW compared to quail hens group fed on the diet without DBA supplementation.
• It was observed that lower (10%) inclusion level of CGM instead of corn grain and soybean meal non significantly (P≥0.05) reduced EP% throughout the whole experimental period, while higher (20%) inclusion level of CGM significantly (P˂0.05) reduced EP% throughout the whole experimental period by about 22.2% compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation improved EP% especially with higher (20%) inclusion level of CGM.
• Corn germ meal inclusion at both levels had no effect on feed intake of Japanese quail hens, while DBA supplementation with CGM containing diets numerically reduced feed intake throughout whole experimental periods.
• Inclusion of corn germ meal at both levels in laying Japanese quail deteriorate feed conversion ratio compared to control. On the other hand, DBA supplementation with or without CGM inclusion improved FCR compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• It was observed that partial substitution of corn grains and soybean meal by corn germ meal improved egg shape index of laying Japanese quail compared to control. While DBA supplementation had no significant effect on ESI compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• Inclusion of corn germ meal at both levels in laying Japanese quail hens had no significant effect on egg shell weight and relative weight while, non significant increase of egg shell thickness throughout the whole experimental periods compared to control. Supplementation of DBA without or with CGM inclusion had no significant effect on egg shell weight, relative weight and thickness compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• Inclusion of CGM at 10% or 20% instead of corn grains and soybean meal in laying quail ration significantly (P˂0.05) reduced egg yolk weight and egg yolk relative weight by about (9.9% and 4.7%) and (10.7% and 10.8%) respectively, while increased albumen weight and relative weight compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation without or with CGM inclusion had no significant effect on egg yolk and albumen weight or egg yolk and albumen relative weight compared to quail hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• It was found that CGM inclusion in laying quail hens instead of corn grains and soybean meal without or with DBA supplementation had no significant effect on egg yolk index.
• Inclusion of CGM by 10% instead of corn grains and soybean meal of laying quail ration non significantly (P≥0.05) increased average egg albumen weight throughout the whole experimental period, while 20% inclusion of CGM significantly increased average egg albumen weight throughout the whole experimental period compared to control.
• DBA supplementation without or with CGM inclusion non significantly (P≥0.05) reduced egg yolk cholesterol and triglycerides content compared to quail hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• inclusion of 10% of CGM in laying quail ration significantly (P˂0.05) increased average fertility% by about 3.4% and reduced early or late embryonic death by about 14.4% and 25.9% respectively compared with control. However, that inclusion of 20% of CGM in laying quail ration non significantly (P˃0.05) decreased average fertility% by about 1.9% and deteriorate early embryonic death by about 24.4%, while improved average late embryonic death by about 34.1%compared with control.,
• Addition of DBA in laying quail hens diet contain 0.0%, 10% or 20% CGM non significantly (P≥0.05) improved average fertility% by about 1.0%, 0.6% and 3.0% respectively, while reduced early embryonic death by about 10.4%, 10.7% and 4.4% respectively compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• inclusion of CGM at 10% or 20% in laying quail ration instead of corn grains and soybean meal non significantly decreased RBCs count, Hb% and PCV%, compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation without or with CGM inclusion non significantly decreased RBCs count, Hb% and PCV% compared with hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• CGM inclusion at 10 or 20% in laying quail ration significantly increased serum total protein and globulin concentrations, while non-significantly reduced serum albumin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio compared to control.
• Regarding DBA supplementation without inclusion of CGM in laying quail ration significantly (P˂0.05) increased serum total protein and globulin concentrations
• Addition of DBA in quail hens group fed on the basal diet without CGM inclusion significantly increased serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL concentrations compared with hens group fed the same diet without DBA supplementation
• Liver enzyme (GOT and GPT serum activities) were increased in quail hens group fed on diet contain 10% or 20% of CGM compared with control. Moreover, inclusion of CGM in laying quail ration numerically increased serum uric acid and creatinine concentrations compare to control. On the other hand, it was observed that. DBA supplementation with different dietary inclusion levels of CGM increased serum GOT, GPT, uric acid and creatinine concentrations compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• Serum GPx and TAC activities were non significantly decreased in quail hens group fed on diet contain 10% or 20% of CGM compared with control. On the other hand, DBA supplementation with different dietary inclusion levels of CGM non significantly increased serum GPx and TAC activities compared to hens group fed on the same diet without DBA supplementation.
• 10% or 20% inclusion of CGM in laying quail ration instead of corn grains and soybean meal significantly increased neutrophil and lymphocyte% while, non-significantly reduced monocyte and eosinophil percentages compared to control.
• 10% or 20% inclusion of CGM in laying quail ration instead of corn grains and soybean meal significantly increased phagocytic activity, while non significantly increased phagocytic index compared to control.
• 10% or 20% inclusion of CGM in laying quail ration instead of corn grains and soybean meal had no significant effect on relative spleen weight, while significantly increased thymus gland relative weight compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation without or with CGM inclusion of laying quail ration had no significant effect on spleen or thymus gland relative weight except significant reduction of thymus gland of laying quail hens group fed on 20% CGM containing diet with DBA supplementation compared to quail hens group fed on the diet without DBA supplementation.
• Inclusion of CGM at 10% or 20% in laying quail hens diet instead of corn grains and soybean meal non significantly increased dressing% by about 7.9% and 1.5% respectively compared to control. Moreover, DBA supplementation without or with CGM inclusion had no significant effect on dressing% of laying quail.