الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnologies are widely seen as having huge potential to bring benefits in areas as diverse as drug development, water decontamination, information and communication technologies, and the production of stronger, lighter materials. They are attracting rapidly increasing investments from governments and from businesses in many parts of the world. Nanotechnology is an emerging field that covers a wide range of disciplines, including the frontiers of chemistry, materials, medicine, electronics, optics, sensors, information storage, communication, energy conversion, environmental protection, aerospace and more Figure (1.1) illustrates typical nanostructure geometries [1-2]. It focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology and are anticipated to open new avenues to numerous emerging technological applications. Nanotechnology has grown very fast in the past two decades because of the availability of new approaches and tools for the synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials with critical dimensions less than 100 nm may exhibit superior chemical, biological, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties that are often significantly different from their corresponding micro counterparts. These unique properties depend on the atomic structure, size confinement, composition, microstructure, defects, and interfaces, all of which can be tailored by synthesis and other processes [3- 6].