الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 97 |  |  |
| | | from | 97 | | |
Abstract
Recently, scientific interest has focused on the importance of toxins, in the form of small molecules or high molecular weight proteins that could serve the humanity (Erridge et al., 2002; Ogikubo et al., 2004; Ueyama, 2010). Endotoxins, generally known as lipopolysaccharides, play a vital role in providing cell integrity especially as a part of the external membrane in almost all Gram-negative bacteria (Matera et al., 2008; Silipo et al., 2002). Furthermore, Chandan et al. (2002) defined endotoxins as small, stable, bacterially-derived hydrophobic molecules which can easily contaminate lab ware and their presence can significantly impact both in vitro and in vivo experiments.In addition, Silipo et al. (2002) have described the components of endotoxins as a hydrophilic moiety consisting of the core oligosaccharide and the O-specific chain (O-antigen). Such moiety attaches covalently to a lipophilic moiety (Lipid A) that connects LPS to the outer membrane. Furthermore, Vinogradov et al. (2004) classified bacterial LPS with O-antigenic side chain as smooth (S–type). However, bacterial LPS without O-antigenic side chain has been termed as rough (R- type) bacterial colonies.