الفهرس 
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Abstract
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Summary
This thesis entitled comprises three chapters and ends with a list of references.
The first chapter: covers the literature survey up to date on the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives and relevance of their biological applications.
The second chapter: consists of the equipment’s and chemicals used in the work. It also includes the method of preparation of the monomers 2,2’-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid, 2,2’-((6-hydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid and dimethyl 2,2’-((6-hydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl))diacetate. Moreover, preparation of different generations of triazine dendrimers started with the reaction of 2,2’-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid with various diamines (piperazine, p-phenylenediamine and benzidine) to form the first-generation of triazine dendrimers, which was further converted to their methyl ester derivatives. Hydrazinolysis of the prepared ester derivatives made them ready to react with 2,2’-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid to give second-generation of triazine dendrimers. In addition, esterification of the second-generation, followed by hydrazides formation which was allowed to react with 2,2’-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid to yield the third-generation of triazine dendrimers. Afterwards, esterification of the third-generations of piperazine and p-phenylenediamine derivatives gave their methyl esters, which undergone hydrazinolysis to form the corresponding hydrazide derivatives. Reaction of the prepared hydrazide of p-phenylenediamine compound with the monomer 2,2’-((6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) diacetic acid yielded the fourth-generation of triazine dendrimer with p-phenylenediamine core.
In addition, formation of N-hydroxyacetamide derivatives containing benzidine core took place through the reaction of first and second generations of triazine dendrimers of benzidine derivatives with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Third- and fourth-generations hexadeca-carboxylic acid or hexadeca-hydrazide of triazine dendrimers and dotriaconta-carboxylic acid dendrimers were allowed to conjugate with our chosen drugs [honokiol or quercetin], targeting agents [lactobionic acid or folic acid] and PEG via carbodiimide coupling to give PEG-lactobionic-honokiol-hexadeca-carboxylic acid, PEG-folic-honokiol-hexadeca-hydrazide, PEG-lactobionic-quercetin-hexadeca-carboxylic acid and PEG-lactobionic-quercetin-dotriaconta-carboxylic acid dendrimers conjugates.
The structure of all synthesized compounds was elucidated using spectroscopy techniques including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of PEG-lactobionic-honokiol, PEG-folic-honokiol and PEG-lactobionic-quercetin conjugates and cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds on normal human lung fibroblast (Wi-38) and various human cancers were tested.
The third chapter: deals with the discussion and the interpretation of the results obtained from the above-mentioned chapter as well as the cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds.
The third chapter deals with ten main topics:
1) Synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine based hexadeca-carboxylic acid 3rd generation dendrimers containing piperazine or p-phenylenediamine as.