الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Surface chemistry is important in many critical chemical processes, such as enzymatic reactions at biological interfaces found in cell walls and membranes, in electronics at the surfaces and interfaces of microchips used in computers, and the heterogeneous catalysts found in the catalytic converter used for cleaning emissions in automobile exhausts in addition to biomedical applications.
In this study, we created heterocyclic materials by interacting with the surface of the Nanomembrane Graphene (NMG), which we chemically created by depositing reduced graphene oxide on a self-assembled layer of gold nanoparticles (Au NPS), allowing the particles to be etched leaving the sheet with holes in the nanoscale. The edges of these holes were found to be rich with active functional of COOH, ready-to-react with other active groups such as NH2, to form an amide covalent bond -CONH.
Phenylenediamine, aminobenzoic acid, and its derivatives such as para and ortho, were examples of compounds used on the surface of NMG, and during their interaction with EDC/NHS, a derivative of dioxopyrroline derivatives, a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen, was formed in each of the benzoic compounds. The reactions intermediate, then react with the protein to generate a strong covalent amide bond.
The different materials were examined using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and Scanning electron microscope to determine the particle homogeneity and morphology of the layers generated in each case.
To demonstrate the possibility of using the NMG as a platform in biosensing applications, and Antibody-Antigen interaction was performed after the successful chemical modifications and the attachment of the antibody to the surface. A series of controls were performed in order to confirm the surface specificity.
The successful specific modifications of the holes’ edges in the nanomembrane graphene is a very important step in using NMG as a biosensor.