الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting agricultural productivity on nearly 20% of the cultivated area and half of the irrigated area worldwide and the amount is increasing day by day. Plants can be divided into two categories in response to salt stress: glycophytes and halophytes. Glycophytes are extremely sensitive to salt in soils halophytes are salt tolerant and often grow in saline environments. Glycophytes comprise the majority of plant life and all major crops, so the increasing salinity in soils is of major concern (Ali and Yun, 2017).Salinity induced osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, ion toxicity and nutrient deficiency regarding plant growth (Parida and Das, 2005). Ionic imbalance and ion toxicity is due to substitution of potassium with sodium ions (Zhu, 2002). Consequently, the capability of plants to sustain high K+/Na+ ratio is most important attribute of crop plants regarding salt tolerance mechanism (Abbasi et al., 2012).