الفهرس 
List of tablesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 105 |  |  |
| | | from | 105 | | |
Abstract
Pregabalin is a psycho-active medicinal drug that exhibits analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. It was launched in 2004 in the EU and in the USA and is marketed with the trade name Lyrica (Pfizer, NY, USA). In the EU, pregabalin is approved for the treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain and generalized anxiety disorder (European Medicines Agency, 2009).
In the United States, pregabalin is approved for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, post herpetic neuralgia, epilepsy (partial onset seizures) and fibromyalgia (FDA Highlights of prescribing information, 2013).
The present work aimed to study relation between pregabalin toxicity and sociodemographic data (age – sex- occupation) , outcome , risk factors of pregabalin toxicity and relation between pregabalin abuse and abuse of other drugs .
The obtained data was documented and recorded in a special sheet constructed for each patient.
Data recorded included the following:
• Socio-demographic data.
• Clinical data.
• Investigational data ( complete screening test , ABG , ECG ).
• Therapeutic interventions.
• outcome .
After statistical analysis, the results were as follows:
• Mean age was 24.2years, median age was 25 years and modal age was 25 years. Sixty% of patients were in the age group 0f 16-30 years.
• Males intoxication percentage was 58.6% while females intoxication percentage was 41.4% .
• The highest prevalence of acutely intoxicated pregabalin patients in different occupational statuses occurred among non worker patients (40%).
• Single intoxicated patients percentage (60%) was more than married percentage (40%).
• Patients were mostly suicide (50%) then accidently addict (34.3%), while accidently not addict (15.7 %).
• (60%) of studied patients took from 6 - 10 tablets, 25.7% of them took from 1 - 5 tablets, 7.1% took >20 tablets, 4.3% of them took from 11-15 tablets and only 2.9% of them took from 15- 20 tablet.
• Blood pressure was normal in 78.6% of studied patients, 15.7% of them were hypotensive and only 5.7% of them were hypertensive. As regards pulse rate, (97.15%) presented with normal pulse and only 2.85% of them were tachycardic. Temperature was normal in 100% of studied patients. the respiratory rate in 91.4% of studied patients were normal and 8.6% of them were tacheypnic .
• (47%) of cases have coma I, (47% ) of cases have coma II , (6%) of cases have coma III and there is no cases have coma 0 or coma IV during the study.
• (37.2%) of cases presented with CNS manifestations other than coma while (62.80%) of cases have no CNS manifestations other than coma.
• (76% ) of cases presented by agitation , (46% ) of cases presented by convulsions and only (0.03% ) of cases presented by hallucinations and extrapyramidal manifestations .
• Only 21 cases showed manifestations other than CNS manifestations that (10 ) cases manifested by vomiting ,( 9 ) cases with wheezes and crepitation ,( 2) cases manifested by palpitation and only one case has urine retention.
• (65.70%) of cases had normal ABG, (28.60%) of cases had metabolic acidosis and (5.70%) of cases had respiratory acidosis.
• (34.3%) of cases had positive complete screening and (65.70%) of cases had negative complete screening.
• 23 cases were positive tramadol , 5 cases were positive cannabis , 2 cases were positive BZDs and 2 cases were positive opioid.
• (94.3%) of cases had normal ECG , only (2.85%) of cases their ECG showing sinus tachycardia and (2.85%) of cases had prolonged QT .
• (72.80% ) of cases treated by activated charcoal , (18.6%) of cases treated by emesis , (8.6%) treated by gastric lavage and antidotes were not received in any cases.
• (53%) of cases received IV fluids as a treatment , (27%) of cases put on mechanical ventilation and (20%) of cases put on nasal oxygen.
• (58.6%) of cases were admitted to ICU while, 41.4% of cases received treatment in inpatient.
• (61.4%) of cases admitted for 1 day while only (35.7 %) of cases admitted for 2 days and (2.9%) of cases admitted for 3 days.
• All 70 cases were complete recovery, no complications and no cases died .
• Most of accidental addict patient with pregabalin were males ( 95.8% ) , while most of suicide patients by pregabalin were females ( 71.4%) .
• Most of accidental addict patients were worker ( 79.2% ) , while most of suicide and accidental non addict of patients were not worker ( 48.6% ) ( 81.8% ) respectly .
• Most of accidental addict patients have also been co-ingested other illicit drugs by
( 95% ).
• ICU admission in patients have co-ingested drugs with pregabalin was (84%) while inpatient admission was only (16%) .
• Most of patients with no co-ingestion had duration of stay only 1 day (73.3% ) , while most of studied patients with co-ingestion had duration of stay 2 days (52%) .
• Most of patients with no co-ingestion had mainly presented by coma grade I (57.8% ) , while most of studied patients with co-ingestion had mainly presented by coma grade II (56%).
• Abnormal ABG was more in studied patients with co-ingestion .
Conclusion
The present study revealed that:-
• Mean age was 24.2years, median age was 25 years and modal age was 25 years. Sixty% of patients were in the age group 0f 16-30 years.
• Males intoxication percentage was 58.6% while females intoxication percentage was 41.4% .
• (47%) of cases have coma I, (47% ) of cases have coma II , (6%) of cases have coma III and there is no cases have coma 0 or coma IV during the study.
• 23 cases were positive tramadol , 5 cases were positive cannabis , 2 cases were positive BZDs and 2 cases were positive opioid.
• All 70 cases were complete recovery, no complications and no cases died .
• Pregabalin is nearly safe when used in therapeutic dose and its toxicity appear when it was taken with another drugs of abuse.