الفهرس 
CHAPTER (II)يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Egypt is one of the pioneer countries in the reuse of agricultural drainage water as a nonconventional water resource to cope with shortage of irrigation water sources. Sabal drain is one of the largest drains in El-Menofia Governorate Egypt, that serve agricultural irrigation, But indiscriminate disposal of untreated domestic sewage from a lot of towns and villages surrounding it, In addition to, the dense agricultural activities in the surroundings of the drain canal, have a significant impact on the existing natural resources, especially water and land .As a result , careful consideration must be given to agricultural runoff seeping into the groundwater that considers the main sources of pollution of the Nile Delta aquifer. Careful consideration must be given to the possible long-term effects on quality of soil & crops and to the health of human beings as well. Evaluation of the environmental impacts of polluted drainage water irrigation on the groundwater quality deterioration in the Delta reservoir, impacts on irrigated soil, and finally evaluation of the suitability of surface water for irrigation and suitability of groundwater different purposes were achieved by collecting and analyzing wastewater samples according to standard test procedures ,for monitoring the main pollution parameters, as (BOD, COD, NH3, PO4, NO3, and DO)& collecting and analyzing groundwater from both dug and bore wells for the main water pollution parameters, (NH3, PO4, NO3, and DO).In addition to the physicochemical properties of water, ( TDS, Total hardness, Electrical conductivity, and pH values), major Cations (Ca)++, (Mg)++, (Na)+, and (K+), major anions (CO3)--, (HCO3)-, ( Cl)-, and (SO4)-- & Trace elements including (Fe++, Mn++and Zn++ ) were analyzed in both surface and groundwater . The obtained chemical data are expressed in ppm, epm , and epm %.
By applying the standards recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization ” FAO ” , and law 48/1982, It can be deduced that the drain water is mainly unsuitable for irrigation purposes as a result of the biological pollution, and High concentrations of (TSS, NH3, NO3-, and PO4- -) & (EC, TDS, Na+, HCO3- and Cl−) with a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO).consequently, results in moderate to Severe Degree of restriction on use .Results for groundwater (GW) show enrich (GW) with(NH3)&( (EC, TDS, Ca++ , Cl- , Fe++ ,and Mn++).In addition results of microbiological investigation reflects pathogenic harmful micro- organisms, By applying the international standards recommended by World Health Organization” WHO” (2011) with combining multiple water quality factors in a single number , with respect to samples suitability for drinking purposes, the following results can be deduced, 22.2% of groundwater samples have been suggested into good category, while 77.8% of groundwater samples have been suggested into unsuitable category. For irrigation purposes suitability,77.8% have been suggested into Medium category while, 22.2% fall into high category based on combination of five different groups of irrigation water quality parameters that have potential negative impacts on soil quality and crop yield. In addition, Combination of Cation exchange index, alkali number and hypothetical salts data reveals that, Cation exchange phenomenon in the Pleistocene aquifer is playing an important role in the hydrogochemistry of the study area and in the relation of water rocks interaction. Soils show an increase of pH and higher respiration in CO2 .It is therefore recommended that wastewater should only be used for irrigation after treatment to avoid the risk of groundwater quality deterioration and should not be a source of natural resources pollution and health hazard.