الفهرس 
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Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is one of the most serious
probelems facing humans in the current era, this problem increases in
intensity by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The Multidrug resistant
(MDR) bacteria become more difficult to control as the antibiotics effectivity become nihilistic, resulting in the high cost of treatment, the length of stay in the hospital, and increased mortality. Therefore, it is very urgent to evaluate innovative ways to inhibit MDR bacterial growth. In this study, 40 bacterial isolates accumulated from 50 diabetic patients including diabetic foot (n = 36), wounds (n = 9), and bedsores (n = 5). The sensitivity of 40 bacterial isolates to 7 antibiotics was evaluated. The results demonstrated, imipenem was the most effective antibiotic, there were four bacterial isolates resistant to all antibiotic groups. The MDR pathogenic bacteria were selected and identified morphologically and biochemically and confirmed by VITEK® 2system (bioMérieux United States of America) as follows; S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae 1, and K. pneumoniae 2. Identification of the most resistant P. aeruginosa D31 was confirmed by the sequencing of a 16S rRNA gene with accession number (MW241596). The inhibitory activity of eight types of natural plant extracts against MDR bacteria was studied. The alcoholic extracts of clove had the highest inhibitory effect against selected resistant bacteria. Followed by garlic, cinnamon, and moringa seeds. The results elucidated that the combination between imipenem, norfloxacin and nitrofurantoin with alcoholic extracts of clove, and water extract of garlic increased the antibacterial activity against MDR isolates. GC–MS analysis of partial purified CAE at 0.9 Rf detected on TLC showed an active compound named hexadecanoic acid methyl ester that has the highest antimicrobial effect against clinical pathogenic bacteria. The results demonstrated that silver nanoparticles were synthesized using clove alcoholic extract. The formation of Ag-NPs was investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis, and transmission electron microscopy. The antibacterial effect of AgNPs after, 2 and 7 days in light and dark conditions was evaluated. AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria higher than pure clove alcoholic extract samples. showed that all resistance gens of p. aeruginosa were found on DNA. Ent and Nis were detected as resistant genes of p. aeruginosa D31.The AgNPs exhibited the highest antimicrobial performance against P. aeruginosa D31 (25 mm IZD). Plasmid curing by elevating temperature