الفهرس 
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Abstract
Genital warts (GWs) are most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, presenting especially among the sexually active young population of both sexes.
Efficient cell‐mediated immunity is needed for regression of GWs. To clarify the reactivity of cellular immunity among patients with GWs by means of measurements of their levels of serum interleukin IL‐21 and IL‐33, hence, to identify the possible role of IL‐21 and IL‐33 in GWs.
This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of IL‐21 and IL‐33 among patients with GWs in comparison with the results of the controls.
Levels of serum IL‐21 and IL‐33 were assayed utilizing commercially enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay kits in 45 patients with GWs and 45 healthy control subjects, they were enrolled from the outpatient clinics of the Dermatology and Venereology Department, Hurghada General Hospital, Egypt.
Levels of serum IL‐21 and IL‐33 were significantly decreased among patients with GWs in comparison with the controls (p < .0001). There was a highly significant positive correlation between IL‐21 and IL‐33 (r = .73, p < .0001). So, they could be assumed as essential contributing factors of immunity for enhancing the risks of HPV infections and the growth of GWs.
Low levels of serum IL‐21 and IL‐33 could have a contributive role in development, persistence, severity, and recurrence of GWs which rely basically on the defectiveness of cell‐mediated immunity. This could receive new light on nonconventional strategies for the prospective medical therapies of GWs by means of regulation of IL‐21 and IL‐33.
Recommendations
Additional confirmations on more inclusive large‐sized multicenter research studies and to be more established by additional evaluations of the nonlesional and lesional tissue expressions of IL‐21 and IL‐33 with a molecular analysis of HPV.
Besides, further studies on the possibility of utilizing systemic and/or local administrations of IL‐21 and/or IL‐33 as medical therapies for GWs are required.