الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ultrasonographic examination is one of the most important tools of modern obstetric practice. In particular, Doppler ultrasonography provides valuable data about fetal circulation and fetal hemodynamic condition. The vessels most frequently used for the evaluation of the fetal well-being are umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ductus venosus (DV).
In case of placental failure and associated fetal stress, the increases in umbilical artery resistance indexes are the leading hemodynamic changes in fetus. Following these changes, MCA resistance indexes decrease as a result of cerebral redistribution, which helps to maintain blood flow towards fetal brain by this adaptation mechanism.
Based on fetal gender being effective on placentation, we considered that fetal gender might cause a change in Doppler indices that we use for placental perfusion evaluation.
However, the total mortality from conception to birth is greater among female fetuses. The human placenta demonstrates sex-related differences at both structural and functional levels.
Both birth weight and placental weight are higher for males compared with females. Sexual dimorphism in the regulation and expression of genes, and signaling pathways, generate differences in placental function and intrauterine environment that may lead to sex differences in health status later in life.
Sex-specific growth charts are routinely used to evaluate infant growth postnatally and such charts are also available for the evaluation of fetal growth antenatally
This is Prospective study, was carried out at Beni-Suef university hospital, on 416 pregnant female patients ,208 female fetuses and 208 male ones, over a period of 6 months from 12/2020 – 6/2021.
The main results of the study revealed that:
• the mean maternal age of male outcome group was 31 (±5.05 SD) with range (22-39), the mean maternal BMI was 27.64 (±1.91 SD) with range (24.1-31.5), according to maternal residence there were 157 (75.5%) urban residents and 51 (24.5%) rural residence, according to occupation there were 141 (67.8%) working and 67 (32.2%) not working and according to parity there were 102 (49%) nulliparous and 106 (51%) multiparous.
• The mean maternal age of female outcome group was 30.62 (±5.13 SD) with range (22-40), the mean maternal BMI was 27.6 (±1.92 SD) with range (24.4-30.9), according to maternal residence there were 162 (77.9%) urban residents and 46 (22.1%) rural residence, according to occupation there were 150 (72.1%) working and 58 (37.9%) not working and according to parity there were 98 (47.1%) nulliparous and 110 (52.9%) multiparous.
• There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard demographic data.
• there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Umbilical artery PI at GA= (32, 34, 36, 37, 38 and 39).
• there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Middle Cerebral artery PI.
• there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Femur Length.
• there was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Biparietal diameter in weeks 28, 32, 34, 36 and 37.
• there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Head Circumference.
• there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard abdominal circumference.
• there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regards estimated fetal weight.
• Based on our results we recommend for further studies on larger patients and longer period of follow up to emphasize our conclusion.