الفهرس 
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUMOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
he corneal endothelium is one of the five layers of the cornea. These metabolically active cells are responsible for regulating fluid and solute transport and, hence, clarity of the cornea.
In clinical practice, specular microscopy is the most accurate way to examine the corneal endothelium. In addition to the endothelial cell density, other important values that reflect the health of the corneal endothelium, as the hexagonality and the coefficient of variation are measured.
Different studies have shown significant racial and ethnic differences in corneal endothelial properties. It is therefore important for populations of different racial and ethnic backgrounds to establish normative values on which decisions can be based. Also, the possible impact of different ocular biometric parameters on the measurement of the endothelium has largely been ignored in the normal eye.
The aim of this prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was to have a better understanding of corneal endothelial features in different corneal regions in healthy young Egyptian adults and to assess the relationship between endothelial cell density and biometric parameters including refraction, horizontal corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and axial length.
This study investigated 150 right eyes from 150 healthy Egyptian adults, whose ages ranged from 20 to 30 years.
The endothelial parameters were measured in 15 different points and the values for the endothelial cell density, hexagonality, and coefficient of variation were averaged in the 4 quadrants (upper, lower, nasal, and temporal), and again as three zones (central, paracentral, and peripheral zones).
The mean central endothelial cell density in our study was 2903 cells/mm2, which was lower than the Chinese and Japanese populations and higher than the Indian, Iranian, and Turkish populations.
There was a tendency for the endothelial cell density to increase from the center of the cornea towards the periphery.
In our analysis, the center of the cornea had the least endothelial cell density, least pleomorphism, and best homogeneity of size. However, the lower corneal periphery had the highest endothelial cell density, the highest pleomorphism, and least homogeneity of size.
Males had longer axial lengths, deeper anterior chambers, flatter corneal curvatures, wider corneal diameters, with higher percentage of hexagonal cells compared to females, however, there was no significant difference between males and females regarding endothelial cell density and coefficient of variation in this sample.
A significant positive correlation was found between the central corneal thickness and the cell density, however no significant correlation could be found between the cell density and other measured ocular biometric parameters.
CONCLUSION
O
ur study of the endothelial analysis in an Egyptian sample ranging from 20-30 years of age showed a non-significant higher cell density in the peripheral zone (especially lower area) than the center. A significant difference was found regarding the coefficient of variation, as it was higher in the peripheral zone, and the Hexagonality, as it was higher in the center. It was also observed that the only statistically significant difference between male and females was in the hexagonality, being higher in males.
Males have significantly flatter corneal curvature, longer axial lengths, wider corneal diameter, and deeper anterior chamber than females.
A significant positive correlation was found between the central corneal thickness and the cell density, however no significant correlation could be elicited between the cell density and corneal diameter, corneal surface area, axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, keratometry readings, refraction.