الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the biochemical effect of nanocurcumin on mastitis in female albino rats induced by LPS extracted from pathogenic E.coli strain isolated from a field bovine mastitis case.
Twenty-five lactating albino rats were randomly distributed into five equal groups just after delivery.
group I (control): received diet and water free access without any treatment.
group II (nanocurcumin): received 7 oral doses of nanocurcumin 35 mg/ kg B.W once day after day.
group III (mastitis): infused with 30ug LPS dissolved in 100ul physiological saline intra- mammary through the teat canal 24 h before being sacrificed.
group IV (prevention): received 7 doses of nanocurcumin day after day followed by intra-mammary infusion of 30ug LPS.
group V (treatment): infused with LPS one day after parturition then received 7 doses of nanocurcumin day after day.
Rats were euthanized on the 16th day after giving birth and the MG tissue were collected and divided into 3 pieces:
- 500 mg for preparation of tissue homogenate for determination of MDA, glutathione redox, NRF2, TNFα and IL-1β.
- 30 mg for molecular determination of TLR4, NF-κB -p65, and HMGB1.
- A representative specimen was fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.
Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS statistical package v22.0 for Windows, one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple means comparisons between means at p < 0.05
Results and statistical analysis illustrated the following:
Control and nanocurcumin groups: revealed the presence of normal architecture of alveoli, intact lining glandular epithelium. No evident inflammation.
Mastitis group: showed marked gross inflammatory lesions including the presence of degeneration and desquamation of glandular epithelium of alveoli, focal interlobular mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration, and alveolar necrosis.
Prevention and treatment groups: showed very mild inflammatory lesions with the majority of the alveoli apparently normal.
1. LPS stimulated lipid peroxidation in the MG of rats represented by a significant elevation of MDA compared to the control group, however, oral administration of nanocurcumin either as a preventive or treatment dramatically declines the MDA level toward its level in the healthy group.
2. Intra-mammary infusion of LPS was associated with an alteration of the glutathione redox including, slightly decreased levels of total and reduced GSH and increased GSSG with markedly slumped GSH/GSSG ratio compared to the control group. Meanwhile, among the treated and prevention groups, total and reduced GSH rates were moderately higher and the GSSG rate was lower than that of the LPS group with elevated GSH/GSSG ratio denoted the same trend of reduced GSH. The values of glutathione redox were not significantly different from prevention and treatment groups, thus nanocurcumin effectively reversed the oxidative stress resulting from the LPS induced mastitis.
3. LPS induced mastitis in rats considerably decreased NRF2 level in the MG tissue compared to the control group. On the contrary, NRF2 significantly leveled up consequently to the oral administration of nanocurcumin either prior or following the induction of the inflammatory response as well as in healthy nanocurcumin group which reverse the oxidative stress and preserve the glutathione pool.
4. Although LPS caused a rocketed-up trends of both TNFα and IL-1β above that of the control group, nanocurcumin treatment and prophylactic groups, declined them markedly. Moreover, the nanocurcumin healthy group expressed small but significantly low pro-inflammatory cytokines values in comparison to the control group.
5. LPS challenge resulted in marked up-regulation of MG TLR4, NF-κB -p65, and HMGB1 in comparison to the control group. Nonetheless, the administration of nanocurcumin as a prophylactic or treatment against LPS induced mastitis significantly suppressed the initiated expression of these genes.